N

"NORDSEE" DEUTSCHE HOCHSEEFISCHEREI GMBH.

Rosanoski assigns the D375 livery in Lloyds Reedereiflaggen to "Nordsee" Deutsche Hochseefischerei Bremen-Cuxhaven A.G. and cross-refers to N626.

Nüsse’s second website gives the table flag a different shade of blue.

Cuxhavener Hochseefischerei A.G.

N & T ARGONAUT A/B.

The flag is blue with the white letters NTA, according to the Josef Nüsse collection. Nüsse’s table flag is recorded on both versions of his website.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

Mitchell’s layout does not make clear whether the design beside the Gulf Maritime name is intended for Aban Shipping as A765 or G407.

Exact Aban/Gulf allocation unresolved.

Company and vessel allocation not established.

Charterer versus Cloud use remains unsettled.

Central Shipping Lines

No exclusive fleet-wide use or unrecorded corporate equivalence is asserted.

Gulf Maritime Ltd.

No exclusive fleet-wide use or unrecorded corporate equivalence is asserted.

GB Lines — Gulf Coast charter livery

No exclusive fleet-wide use or unrecorded corporate equivalence is asserted.

N. D. HEGARTY & SON PTY. LTD.

As the ferry fleet was progressively reconditioned, funnels were replaced by uptakes and the colour scheme fell out of use.

N. E. AMBATIELOS.

N. L. CONDYLIS.

N.A. SIMBOURAS.

Ekali was recorded with a red funnel and black top separated by a broad blue band edged white above and below. A yellow ring extends over the top and base, enclosing blue charged with a white Greek sigma. No flag was noted.

N.A. VALMAS.

The funnel was noted on Rinoula in April 1965 as a charterer’s livery. The sketch’s medium-to-light blue was annotated “a little darker”. Rinoula belonged to Compañia Naviera Maraventura S.A., under Lemos & Pateras agency, from purchase in 1959 until scrapping in 1967; Rosanoski presumes another Valmas connection. Mitchell enlarges the band considerably and the letter correspondingly.

N.E. VERNICOS SHIPPING CO. SALVAGE & TOWAGE.

Brown 1995’s V2 flag is blue with a white diamond and black “N.B.” Rosanoski challenges the black letters using the company website: an early vessel’s flag has red NB on a white diamond, fully or nearly throughout, represented by V198. The same flag appears on Argonaftis’s Alexander I on 15 September 2006. V198’s livery also comes from an unidentified vessel on the company website.

Vernicos Maritime Co. SA — Mitchell source panel

V199 may derive from Scaplake, 3,899 tons, built in 1953; Mitchell’s line drawing shows only the funnel’s base colour.

Mitchell shows V200 only as a panel. A possible connection with European Independence remains unconfirmed, with ownership absent from the cited Miramar entry.

Mitchell records both funnels on a card originally headed Ultramarine Shipping Co. S.A. European Liberty was operated by Vernicos Maritime in 1980–1981, with a line drawing supporting V202. V203 may relate to Pigeon of agency company Zamora Navigation Co. Ltd., although its drawing looks like V202, perhaps simply omitting the black base. Mitchell also assigns V202 to Acropolia Maritime Co. S.A. of Monrovia.

V199/V200 vessel association tentative; V202 also recorded for Acropolia, V203 possible Zamora use. No exclusivity or identity equivalence asserted.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

V201 may relate to Flora Athanassiadi, with indistinct markings on its star. Mitchell connects it with “Hambury & Spillopoulos”; Miramar instead places Flora Athanassiadi under F.T. Athanassiades in 1964–1966, previously Irene under Hambury Spiliopoulos in 1963–1964. If the sighting is correct, Rosanoski considers the funnel a carry-over from the latter ownership.

No definite Vernicos partnership or shared use established.

N.G. KYRIAKIDES.

K124 has a black funnel with a broad band of the flag. Its sources give no flag separately; Rosanoski’s accompanying flag is an explicit assumption.

The other funnel has the flag band edged white above and below. The flag is blue with a white cross overlaid by a red circle containing a white K.

N.J. GOUMAS.

Marmina was recorded in January 1967 with a yellow or buff funnel, a narrow black top and a white band bearing a blue star. No flag is noted.

N.J. NOMIKOS.

The yellow or buff funnel has a black top and broad white band containing two very narrow blue stripes near its upper and lower edges, with a red N between. It was recorded on Agias Trias of Compañia Marcielo Naviera in July 1965 and Leandros’s Evangelos in April. The latter observation recorded M, treated by Rosanoski as a notation error. No flag is noted.

N.L.& G. GRISWOLD.

The flag is a blue-and-white chequerboard, described as resembling the modern N signal flag but with five blocks per horizontal row rather than four.

The number of checks is disputed. Rosanoski prefers the chart-supported G167. A painting of Challenge’s maiden voyage shows G245 at the foremast and a long white swallowtailed name pennant with red CHALLENGE at the main. One lithograph of the 24 May 1851 launch shows G246 and a rectangular name pennant; another in South Street instead shows G167. The accompanying South Street description counts thirteen blue and twelve white squares, called the name pennant in Rosanoski’s wording, leaving the descriptions inconsistent.

N.M. PATERSON & SONS LTD.

Two flags photographed hanging from a ceiling have stitched, slightly rounded ends. P592 is white and triangular, with a relatively small red diamond near the hoist containing a white sans-serif P. P441 replaces it with a larger black diamond bordered red, again with a white sans-serif P. Their design-change date is unknown. Rosanoski suggests that their points may have been shortened to clear people passing beneath, since published sources from 1948 through 2000 show pointed pennants.

The funnel follows Mantadoc, whose white base is presumed to be superstructure, with a visible door. Stewart’s white pennant has a red diamond frame enclosing a red P. Rosanoski suspects that this follows an old website logo and may never have existed as a flag.

Ship photographs are too small to establish the diamond colours, though black and red seem present and favour P441. Labradoc shows a long-tailed pennant in August 1998. Paterson, Cartierdoc in May 1990 and Ontadoc in April 1998 initially appear to fly rectangles, but slight taper and a frayed fly, especially on Ontadoc, suggest pennants that have lost their tails.

Know Your Ships shows a narrow white fimbriation between the black inner diamond and red border. This may derive from Mantadoc’s logo on white superstructure. Another logo on the same vessel’s black hull adds an outer white border around the red. The websites also displayed differing logos, so these versions do not establish separate flag designs.

POLARIS NAVIGATION.

Norstar’s funnel P was painted bright red.

In 1988 Kingdoc (2) was sold to the Paterson-owned offshore company Polaris Navigation and renamed Norstar. She traded internationally on the eastern seaboard and in the Caribbean for two years under a foreign flag and crew.

Unknown.

N.M. Paterson & Sons

Norman McLeod Paterson moved to Fort William in 1908 and established a grain business, although another source dates its formation to 1912 and Lloyd’s gives 1921. N.M. Paterson & Co. became limited in 1915 and owned ships before Paterson Steamships was formed on 10 February 1926. Following Paterson’s appointment to the Senate in 1940, Donald handled grain and John shipping. The two companies amalgamated as N.M. Paterson & Sons on 21 July 1950, retaining separate grain and steamship divisions.

Paterson died on 11 August 1983, aged 100. Canada Steamship bought the remaining fleet in early 2002, although another account gives the last two vessels as sold to Purvis Marine. Family control continued under a grandson, with the name changing to Paterson GlobalFoods in 2004. Subsidiaries included Polaris Navigation and Western Engineering Service, active from January 1927 to late 1993. Ship names generally combined Canadian places with DOC, meaning Dominion of Canada; exceptions were Patterson in 1953, Senator of Canada in 1957 and Paterson in 1985.

Canada, Fort William; Thunder Bay, Ontario.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

N.R. BUGGE A/S.

The dark-blue shade was observed on Pacific Current at Lyttelton on 16 February 1988. Rosanoski describes a mirror-image starboard marking, with a panel divided “Pbds blue-white”, like B329 and B32, but also calls the view with blue aft “starboard” when comparing it with B114. The conflicting side descriptions remain unresolved. The B32 flag is recorded for Benguela in the NJK Collection.

A/S Hektor

N.V. AMSTERDAMSE MARITIEM TRANSPORT MAATSCHAPPIJ.

A271 was recorded on Alkamar. Wyt’s Digest assigns the company the same livery as Amsterdamsche Olietransport’s A393; only the yellow charge on the circle is absent from A271. Rosanoski considers it likely that this charge was not apparent at the sighting.

N.V. CMB S.A.

C292 continues the livery used under the earlier company name. Brown 1982 makes the diamond smaller and omits its squared point; Rosanoski considers that incorrect against company flag images. The website itself, however, shows differing diamond sizes. FOTW presents this flag under the former name.

A table flag offered on German eBay in January 2008 measured 15 by 22 cm and was white with stylised blue CMB. Rosanoski found no such flag in the cited company presentation and general-meeting material, although C292 and Bocimar colours appeared and the lettering format matched.

CMB Transport — Brown 1995 branded livery

Small company photographs appear to confirm the C295 funnel, although Coastal Ships & Ferries 1999 leaves the funnel colours unconfirmed. The narrative refers to C285 for letters meaning CMB Transport, possibly identifying CMB Transport S.A.; the Sources list instead uses C295 for Brown’s corresponding notes.

Exclusive company use and precise corporate transition remain qualified; no parent/Transport equivalence.

N.V. CORNELDER'S SCHEEPVAART MAATSCHAPPIJ.

Wyt’s Digest 1965–67 shows the Westpolder livery, referenced in the source as W213. The FOTW flag illustration follows the 1966 edition.

N.V. EIRAM III.

N.V. HOLLANDSCHE STOOMBOOT MAATSCHAPPIJ.

Many sources show dots after the letters, while canton and letter sizes vary. A black-and-white photograph of Zaanstroom confirms the funnel.

N.V. HOUTVAART.

Talbot-Booth’s 1936 and 1937 editions assign H273 to Vinke & Co. A black-and-white photograph of Yssel confirms the funnel diamond.

Bovens shows H320’s funnel diamond extending across the full band.

Wij Varen Weer shows H274’s flag diamond extending to the edges.

N.V. REEDERIJ "AMSTERDAM".

A black-and-white photograph of Amstelhof confirms the funnel. Brown 1958 shows its panel as a band, which Rosanoski notes could be its appearance on a narrow funnel.

N.V. SCHEEPVAART MAATSCHAPPIJ SURINAME.

The Dutch-style flag appears on the April 1956 De Blauwe Wimpel chart. Flag Bulletin dates it to 1956 and records consideration of a change in 1975 because its colours followed Dutch tradition. Rosanoski regards the diagonal Dutch-colour triband as no proof of a corporate relationship.

The later flag replaces blue with green, apparently following Suriname’s independence. Brown 1995 also narrows the orange and white bands, though Rosanoski considers those differences possibly insignificant.

N.V. SCHEEPVAART-ONDERNEMING KUSTVERKEER.

The yellow or buff funnel has a broad band of the flag: blue with a white diamond containing a blue K.

N.V. SCHELDTE TOWAGE CO. S.A.

Both funnel and flag are blue with a white S. Brown 1995 shows a rather square-shaped letter.

N.V. STOOMBOOT-MAATSCHAPPIJ "HILLEGERSBERG".

Stewart and Wyt show a smaller canton outlined in black. The “H” is placed in the lower fly by Wyt and FOTW, but smaller and centrally by Stewart.

N.V. STOOMVAART MAATSCHAPPIJ "OOSTZEE".

The flag is white with a red-black-red triband in the upper hoist quarter, representing Amsterdam, and a black O in the lower fly. The yellow funnel bears the same triband. Sources vary in band widths: black often looks wider, though it is also shown narrower on the funnel. Captain Eldert Dobbenga’s sketchbook calls the flag the company, Oostzee or Vinke flag.

N.V. STOOMVAART MAATSCHAPPIJ "NEDERLAND".

Black-and-white photographs confirm this funnel.

Ships in the Nedlloyd Lijnen service used an NLL logo on a diamond or circle overlapping the funnel top and base. Although a joint flag was designed, owners apparently continued to fly their own. Brown shows equal-sized funnel letters; a Neder Eems photograph instead confirms that they vary with the circle’s outline.

Merchant Ships 1959 records this funnel only for Oranje. The accompanying flag is assumed rather than supplied by that source.

N.V. STOOMVAART MAATSCHAPPIJ “NOORDZEE”.

Brown 1926 and Talbot-Booth’s 1942–44 accounts give SMMN in the corners.

Brown 1929 gives SLMN.

Brown 1934 and 1943 give SVMN. The source also says Brown 1943 has black funnel letters, labelling that funnel N395, while the source list assigns the 1943 version to N396. Jordan leaves letter colours unspecified and gives SM and MM vertically on the two sides.

Wij Varen Weer 1946 gives SVMN on the flag, plausibly Stoom Vaart Maatschappij Noordzee, but SMVN on the funnel. This inconsistency prevents Rosanoski treating the interpretation as certain.

N.V. STOOMVAART MAATSCHAPPIJ "WESTPOLDER".

The flag and funnel were also used by Cornelder’s. Op de Lange Deining omits a funnel top and uses a blue letter. Talbot-Booth 1942/1944 instead describes a green letter on the funnel panel without illustrating the flag; Rosanoski presumes the flag would normally match. Jarig Bakker’s FOTW flag follows De Blauwe Wimpel’s April 1956 chart.

ABC’s funnel panel and Wyt’s Digest 1960 give a black W. Rosanoski suggests that the various colours may represent a very dark shade, without deciding which. A photograph of Oranjepolder confirms an extremely narrow black funnel top separated from the band. Wyt’s 1965–1967 and subsequently FOTW place this version under Cornelder’s.

Mitchell appears to record W243’s funnel from a London sighting in July 1960, but names no vessel.

N.V. VERENIGDE TANKKUSTVAART.

The V111 flag is illustrated by Jarig Bakker from the Dutch house-flag chart accompanying De Blauwe Wimpel, April 1956. The funnel and flag also appear in Wyt’s Digest, US Navy 1961 and Stewart 1963; Mitchell supplies funnel evidence. No separate written design description is given.

NABALCO PTY. LTD.

NAESS SHIPPING (HOLLAND) B.V.

Bakker’s flag image, based on the company website, shows the diamond outlined in black.

NAESS SHIPPING CO. INC.

Wyt attributes a similar livery to Nederlandse Norness Scheepvaart Maatschappij N.V.

NAFTILIAKI ETAIRA “MACHI”.

Elpis was recorded with this funnel in April 1967. It is yellow or buff with a black top, separated by a broad white band bearing the black letters TAM. No flag is recorded.

NAFTOMAR SHIPPING & TRADING CO. LTD.

Brown places the diamond almost against the upper and lower edges of both the funnel band and the flag. Christies extends the funnel diamond throughout the band; a Gaz Baraka photograph shows an equal-sided diamond touching its top and bottom. Nüsse’s table flag is dark blue, company images appear medium blue, and the FOTW image uses bright blue.

NAFTOTRADE SHIPPING & COMMERCIAL S.A.

This funnel comes from Naftobulk II, photographed on 13 April 2004.

Naftocement III, photographed on 19 July 2008, has the T beneath the N, unlike the website logo.

A 20 June 2008 photograph of Naftocement XV at Sydney shows the ring and T in a khaki shade, with the T again beneath the N. A later source photograph of Naftocement III shows these elements as grey; the welded-on emblem casts shadows.

Moon Rise Shipping Co. S.A. vessels — observed triple-ring livery

Mitchell attributes this funnel to Nagashiki, apparently from Jupiter Island, which Lloyds records under Moon Rise ownership and Nagashiki agency. The design continued on Moon Rise vessels after their listing under Dae Ah. It may therefore belong to Moon Rise/Dae Ah, or be shared through possible ultimate Nagashiki ownership. In a 2014 note on African Kookaburra, Rosanoski distinguishes it from the Misuga logo: Misuga managed that vessel, while other Moon Rise ships under Dae Ah used the same funnel.

No claim of exclusive Moon Rise ownership of design, Misuga use or corporate equivalence.

NAGASHIKI KOGYO K.K.

Mitchell mentions Nagian Mercury but supplies no line drawing; Rosanoski could not locate that vessel.

NAGATA SANJURO.

The flag comes from a 1902 chart reproduced in Fune to Hata in 1994. Fujinagata Zosensho used the same colours; the funnel is recorded for 1901 and 1910.

NAGOYA KISEN K.K.

NAIKAI EISEN K.K. (2)

Brown’s N92 has inward-curving sides to the letter; Watt states that the uprights should be straight, as in N267. The N267 funnel is the early version.

Bakker’s FOTW flag follows Brown 1995.

Original Matsuyama entry

Japan, Matsuyama.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Tug-company entry

Japan, Kobe, later Matsuyama.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NAIKAI KENZAI K.K. (1)

Naikai Kenzai (1)

The funnel is noted for Naikai Maru No. 12, which Rosanoski did not locate in Lloyds.

The Okayama concern appears in Lloyds from 1980–81 to 1996–97, with an omission in 1992–93. Subsequently its vessels were too small for Lloyds Shipowning Groups.

Japan, Okayama.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Karatsu namesake

A separate Karatsu namesake is listed in 1992–93.

Japan, Karatsu.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NAKAJIMA KISEN K.K.

A photograph of Jinwa, launched in 2006, shows the funnel and flying flag. The flag is white with a red phi-like sign, described as an ö fully closed on the left. Although the company’s drawing is square, the photographed flag is rectangular; flags appear at the mast and bows.

NAKAMURA KISEN K.K. (1)

Principal Kobe company

Mitchell’s Asakirisan Maru reference confirms the principal Kobe attribution for Rosanoski; Brown’s Osaka location appears incorrect. Mitchell also shows this funnel on the agency vessel Mount Ranier. Many ships in his drawings have European names, suggesting chartering.

The principal Kobe company appears in Lloyds from 1953. Rosanoski tentatively connects it with a 1978–79 joint venture with Sankyu Unyu Kiko and the later Tokyo-based owner, manager and agent, both associated with Unkai Maru. Financial difficulties in 1985 led to attempted restructuring, bank foreclosure and bankruptcy on 25 February 1986.

Earlier correspondence described the Kobe operation as lasting until the early 1970s; Rosanoski’s later note connects previously separate entries, extending the account. The source warns that Nakamura Kisen is a common company name.

Japan, Kobe; Brown gives Osaka.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Nakamura Kisen (2)

The Ochi-gun namesake is listed in 1966–67 and 1973–74.

Japan, Ochi-gun.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Nakamaru Kisen (3)

Nakamaru Kisen is separately listed at Tokyo in 1973–74.

Japan, Tokyo.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Nakamura Kisen (4)

Another Kobe entry is listed in 1973–74.

Japan, Kobe.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NAKAMURA USHITARO & 1 OTHER.

The flag is taken from a chart dated 1902, published in Fune to Hata in 1904 according to this source. The funnel comes from a 1903 chart.

NAKANO KAIUN K.K.

NAKANO KISEN K.K. (1).

Nakano Kisen (1)

The first company appears in Lloyds from 1953–54 to 1970–71 and seems to have ceased in the early 1970s.

Japan: Tokyo, with later references to Moji or Kobe and then Kitakyushu.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Nakano Kisen (2)

A second entry is recorded from 1963–64 through 1985–86.

Japan, Moji, later Kitakyushu.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NAM SUNG SHIPPING CO. LTD.

The flag is white with two red horizontal bands interrupted by white. The upper red band connects to the lower on what Rosanoski calls a Pbd angle, forming a z-like design. The yellow or buff funnel has a black top separated by a broad band of the flag.

NAMA SHIPPING.

The funnel is yellow with a black top and a golden-yellow, red and blue triband, overlaid by a white-and-red lifebelt. A black form, described as an “oblisk”, overlies the lifebelt’s lower half.

NAMURA KISEN K.K.

NANTAI LINE CO. LTD.

NANYO YUSEN K.K.

The FOTW flag follows a 1916 source reproduced in the 1994 publication Fune To Hata.

NARWHAL LTD.

Loughran identifies the emblem as a narwhal. Neither Marine News nor Loughran shows a black funnel top.

NATHANIEL T. PALMER.

Both examples are white tapering swallow-tailed pennants. Palmer has blue borders except at the hoist and red PALMER lettering; N.T. Palmer reverses those colours, with red borders and blue N.T.PALMER.

NATHANIEL WINSOR & CO.

The FOTW illustration derives from a clipper card at tenpound.com; the document also identifies a Dashing Wave clipper card.

Joe McMillan describes a variant with two stars: a red star in the hoist with one point down and a black star in the fly with one point up.

Mystic Seaport dates the Regular Line flag to 1850.

Loughran attributes the flag to Nathaniel Windsor & Co.; Rosanoski identifies Winsor as the correct spelling.

NATIONAL BENZOLE CO. LTD.

The original funnel is black with a yellow circle containing stylised black NBC initials. The initials were replaced between the wars by Mercury’s winged-helmeted head.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER & ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH.

Tangaroa’s 14 May 1997 photographs show dark-blue NIWA lettering above the smaller Taihoro Nukurangi on an attached white funnel panel whose edge is not defined. The larger letters slope more than the smaller ones. The white superstructure carries the website-style rainbow logo, with the smaller lettering definitely black.

Tangaroa also flew a flag whose design differs from the website logo. Its coloured form widens and narrows towards the fly, passing through green, yellow and red with lighter merging areas. Beneath it are smaller Taihoro Nukurangi letters, apparently black in several photographs but possibly dark blue in another. The lettering has the same differing degrees of slant as on the funnel.

Kaharoa’s funnel is small and unsuitable for an attached panel. A starboard photograph of 6 September 1996 shows a brown superstructure panel with black NIWA FISHERIES RESEARCH lettering. By 14 May 1997 the port side carries the flag design without its small lettering.

NATIONAL IRANIAN TANKER CO.

The funnel emblem appears to be a red rising sun within a half-ring.

Mitchell attributes this funnel to storage tankers used for floating storage in the Middle East Gulf.

Sarvestan’s January 2010 photograph shows a very pale, mottled-blue circle without letters. Susangird’s 24 May 2008 photograph is unclear but has the same very light blue background, apparently with lettering at the base.

NATIONAL MARINE TERMINAL INC.

The funnel recorded for Westgate in February 1966 is yellow or buff with a red top separated by a white band. A 1968 report instead gives a brown top. No flag is recorded.

NATIONAL NAVIGATION CO.

Wadi Alarish’s starboard photograph of 2 June 2013 shows an apparently off-white funnel.

This funnel follows a starboard photograph of Wadi Feran dated 8 March 2012.

NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COUNCIL.

Discovery was noted in June 1963 with a yellow or buff funnel. No flag is recorded.

NATIONAL POWER PLC.

The flag is white with a blue circle bearing a large red P. A small white N touches its upper dexter side and is angled Pbds, in Rosanoski’s notation. The funnel is red with a black top separated by a broad band of the flag.

NATIONAL SAND & MATERIAL CO. LTD.

NATIONAL SHIPPING CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES.

The flag is a diagonal blue, white and red triband, with the outer colours cotised and the white band broader. The white carries a stylised red N formed by an elongated Z-like figure between small red squares towards the upper fly and lower hoist. The funnel carries the flag.

NATIONAL SHIPPING CORPORATION.

The funnel is confirmed by the NJK record for Abasin.

NATIONAL STEAM SHIP CO. LTD.

The main cross appears edged blue and then outlined black. The panel cross may represent a Union Flag, but seems to have a black cross and saltire edged red or blue, except for the horizontal arms, which have blue on both sides.

Bonsor gives blue edging to the main white cross. Lloyds explicitly outlines it in black, whereas LJC 1909 does not.

NATIONALE STOOMVISSCHERIJ N.V.

NPL

The flag is dark blue with a white twelve-pointed star containing an anchor; the funnel follows the national flag’s arrangement. Dark blue represents the ocean, the narrow yellow funnel band the equator, and the white star Nauru’s position just south of it, with twelve points for the island’s tribal groups. The Log specifies a black anchor. Rosanoski recorded blue anchors and a gold funnel band on Rosie D in 1983 and Eigamoiya in 1989, but considered that distance and an expectation of matching the dark-blue field might explain his observations. Eigamoiya had a black funnel top before her Lyttelton survey.

Brown 1995, under Nauru Corporation (Victoria) Inc., gives a yellow anchor and unequal star points, with the quarter points longer. Rosanoski doubts the unequal points in view of funnel photographs and the star’s tribal symbolism.

Pedersen’s blue flag with a central white twelve-pointed star and yellow anchor was reported as a civil ensign. The FOTW discussion identifies it instead as the shipping company’s house flag. Rosanoski allows that anchor colours might have changed, but favours black. A yellow-anchor version on the Oceania Shipping Forum has no stated source.

Aegean Constellation Inc.

Of three one-ship companies found in Lloyds, Mitchell associates a funnel only with Adamastos of Aegean Constellation Inc. Whether the others shared that marking or used separate designs is unclear.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

Candeias reports this flag among other “text flags” on a single pole. He felt it might be Portuguese but had no factual basis for that suggestion. Rosanoski notes that it may not even be maritime.

No company, country or maritime use established.

NAVALE ET COMMERCIALE HAVRAISE PÉNINSULAIRE.

At Ville de Valance’s launch on 30 August 1882, the described flag has dots after the letters. Their precise shapes remain uncertain. Lloyd Reedereiflaggen attributes it to Société d’Exploitation de la Cie. Havraise Péninsulaire de Navigation à Vapeur; Mitchell uses that name for the Ville de Manakara funnel while noting the later Navale et Commercial Havraise Péninsulaire name.

Talbot-Booth and Harnack omit dots after the flag letters. Merchant Ships 1942, 1944 and 1949 show a broad funnel band, supported by a black-and-white photograph of Ville de Tamatave. Rosanoski presumes that the band subsequently narrowed with smaller funnels.

This design was retained from the preceding company name. Most sources include dots after the letters, but Nüsse’s table flag does not. The funnel band may be wider than illustrated. An Ile de la Reunion photograph confirms the flag.

Bakker’s FOTW flag follows Scott’s 1959 Caltex book.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

The LJC 1885 flag is uncertain. Cureau did not recognise it and found it unlike the familiar red flag with green border and white CHP letters. Rosanoski notes that the later CHP design appears in Griffin 1895, while an account of an 1882 launch seems to contradict the LJC flag unless it had an earlier connection.

Earlier/different company versus erroneous chart remains unresolved.

NAVALE FRANÇAISE S.A.

Nüsse records a table flag. Photographs of Tour Margaux from both sides confirm the funnel and flag. Their apparent grey funnel colouring is shown to be shading by another portside photograph of Pointe du Cormoran.

NAVALIS GRUPPE.

Nüsse’s table flag has diagonal blue and white quarters, with an overall white circle containing a red N. Mitchell records the funnel under R. & G. Rahmann, apparently from Navalis, but his line drawing omits the panel. Rosanoski doubts whether the blue ring in the funnel illustration should appear and suggests that the panel ought to reproduce the flag. The ship’s naming dates differ between sources, and he could not locate her in Lloyds.

The company history page’s 1972 panel shows the quartered design with a somewhat smaller N than Nüsse’s flag. Van den Muijzenberg followed the unmodified flag for his funnel reconstruction, without having seen the funnel itself. Rosanoski preferred that rendition as more likely while retaining Mitchell’s alternative; panel proportions and shades remain uncertain.

Schneider describes a blue flag with a light-blue squarish tressure enclosing a red bow and a blue triangular object, with white NAVALIS lettering below. Rosanoski questions whether the underlying image was a website link panel rather than an actual flag. It might represent the group, but no flag sighting confirms it. He also notes that the website shows a white portside bow where this image has light blue.

NAVEGACION CARIBE “A. GRAUBARD S.A.”.

Adolpho Frederico is recorded with a yellow or buff funnel, a black top and a broad blue, white and red triband. A white diamond outlined in black bears a black G. No flag is recorded.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

The funnel follows an undated black-and-white Midlake photograph. Because her previous owner is recorded with a black funnel, Rosanoski assumes that this version belongs to the Nevgas period, although her name was unchanged. The band may be silver, looking different from the white superstructure.

Date and previous-owner retention unresolved.

NAVEGAÇÁO CATABRINENSE LTDA.

The funnel is black with a broad white band carrying an outlined white panel bordered red above and below. A generously proportioned green diamond bears white NAVECAL lettering. The panel suggests a flag design, but no flag is recorded.

NAVEGAÇÁO MERCANTIL S.A.

The funnel is yellow, with the alternative shade printed as “biff”, and has a black top. A red ring encloses a white field wholly charged with a red N; JLL’s note suggests that the field inside the ring may instead be yellow. No flag is recorded.

NAVEGAÇÁO MINUANO S.A.

The flag is divided diagonally red and green, described as Pbd. An overall white circle is edged with a yellow rope whose loose end extends towards the upper hoist. Inside is a green M with angled outer legs. The white funnel carries a large panel of the flag.

NAVEGAÇÁO SANTISRA LTDA.

The funnel is blue with a black top. No flag is recorded.

NAVEGAÇÁO SAVONIA S.A.

The funnel is black with a white panel bearing a red saltire, overlaid by a blue panel containing a yellow star. No flag is recorded.

NAVEGAÇÂO BARBA NEGRA.

The cited Brazilian website records this livery for 1950.

NAVEGAÇÂO BRASILEIRA LTDA.

The cited Brazilian website records this livery for 1950.

NAVEGAÇÂO CABOFRIENSE LTDA.

The cited Brazilian website records this livery for 1950.

NAVEGAÇÂO PARANÁ SANTA CATHARINA S.A.

The cited Brazilian website records this livery for 1950. The ring bears a three-word legend, and its centre appears to contain a constellation of four white five-pointed stars.

NAVEGAÇÂO R. TAVARES.

The cited Brazilian website records this livery for 1950.

NAVEGAÇÂO RIOGRANDENSE LDA.

NAVEMAR SOCIEDAD ANONIMA DE NAVEGACION.

La Marina Mercante Argentina 1961 shows a white flag with a narrow light-blue border and an N of the same shade. US Navy 1961 makes the flag square. Brown 1978 instead gives a rectangle with a broader border and a thin, widely spread N; its funnel panel is also rectangular.

NAVICHEM HAMBURG BEREEDERUNGSGES. MBH.

The blue funnel has a broad white band bearing a white panel outlined in blue. Its white NCH letters are outlined and shaded blue.

The flag is blue with a red shield in the canton bearing a white three-towered castle. Along the base a white panel extends to the fly, with white NCH letters outlined and shaded blue. Its upper hoist corner is angled Pbds, in the original notation.

NAVICON S.A.

Mitchell’s funnel, apparently based on Navipor, has no indicated letter on its circle.

Brown 1995’s burgee has three tapering white and red horizontal stripes and a central red disc bordered black, with a black stylised N. The Spanish house-flag site also shows this red version.

NAVIERA ALICANTINA S.A.

The emblem is a yellow turreted tower with black NASA lettering on either side.

NAVIERA AMAZONICA PERUANA S.A.

The flag shown on the funnel has a yellow circle bearing a red A.

NAVIERA ANGEL ALVAREZ S.A.

NAVIERA ARMAS S.A.

Erbez’s 1999 flag was used more often as a logo than as an actual flag. FOTW later replaced it with N435 without explanation.

The funnel shows a flag depicted as flying, recorded on Volcan de Taburiente’s port side and Volcan de Teneguia’s starboard side. Shades vary between photographs, perhaps because of camera resolution. The corresponding flag is assumed from the emblem rather than observed flying.

Volcan de Tejeda’s starboard funnel has the flag pointing forward as a mirror image; here red becomes the senior band. Again, the corresponding flying flag is assumed.

A portside photograph identifies this different funnel on Volvan de Tejeda; it also appears on Volvan den Tauce in 2008. The reason for the difference is unknown.

Here the emblem is a plain triangular panel rather than a pennant depicted as flying.

NAVIERA ARTOLA S.A.

The funnel is black with a broad white band edged red above and below and bearing a red A. The flag is red with a very narrow white diagonal band, described as Pbds, and a white A in the canton. Untzidien Banderak gives the same flag to Naviera Arenas, which Rosanoski did not locate in Lloyds.

NAVIERA AZNAR S.A.

Lloyds 1904 and 1912 and Brown 1929 attribute this livery to Sota y Aznar; Brown 1934 names Sir Ramon de la Sota and also Compañia Naviera Sota y Aznar. Brown’s flag frames are thicker, with a narrower white outer edging.

The Marina Mercante en el País Vasco version has a more compact letter. Rosanoski suggests that it remains in use by the Ibaizabal Group, where it appears as a website logo.

NAVIERA BILBAINA S.A.

The emblem’s shortened, notched saltire is described as raguly. N370 differs slightly from the other versions in its notches.

NAVIERA CHILENA DEL PACIFICO S.A.

Bakker’s FOTW flag follows Brown 1995.

Alerce’s starboard photograph of 15 May 2013 shows this funnel, with the ship apparently on charter. A portside Roble N photograph shows the same dark-blue shade as the flag; the funnel blue appears to vary.

The company photograph shows a wider red flag stripe, but its fly end is hidden and has been assumed to finish as in N48. The letters are assumed dark blue although they look almost black. A partly obscured Alerce flag in 2007 appears to have a narrow red band; a poorly extended Roble N flag seems to show the wider version.

NAVIERA DAVILA S.A.

NAVIERA DE EXPORTACION AGRICOLA S.A.

The flag is white with a blue saltire voided white; the yellow or buff funnel carries a panel of it. Brown instead shows a solid saltire on the funnel, while US Navy makes both funnel and flag saltires solid. Both sources extend the funnel panel into a band.

NAVIERA DEL ATLÁNTICO S.A.

El Baztan was noted in April 1965 with blue M and F lettering on the funnel.

Naviera de Galicia S.A.

Cedeira’s 5 February 2007 photograph shows this funnel. A stern view retains black, white and black bands at the rear; as Algra, apparently chartered to Intersee, she had shown those bands around the whole funnel on 31 August 2006. Equasis records a sale on 1 March 2007, and Rosanoski interprets the mixed appearance as a gradual change of colours.

This funnel follows Cedeira’s 11 January 2011 photograph.

NAVIERA DEL NALON S.A.

The flag is white with narrow red horizontal bands near the top and bottom. Between them is a red diamond wholly charged with a white N.

The black funnel carries a broad band of the flag.

The black funnel has a broad white band edged red above and below, bearing the flag emblem.

NAVIERA DEL ODIEL S.A.

Lista Oficial editions of 1961, 1962, 1966 and 1972 and the earlier Untzidien illustration show black letters and a grey funnel base.

Brown 1995 instead gives white letters and an entirely black funnel, with the flag’s white lettering confirmed by the company website. In response to Rosanoski’s enquiry, Astui reviewed photographs: most lettering was indistinct or seemed dark, but one view clearly showed white letters, and all funnels were entirely black. He therefore favoured Brown’s version.

Rosanoski leaves open whether the discrepancy reflects a change or errors in earlier sources, cautioning that website artwork may also take liberties.

NAVIERA ESTELAR S.A.

Rio Miera was noted in April 1965 with a yellow or buff funnel. Its panel is diagonally quartered white and red, overlaid by a blue circle wholly bearing a white star. No flag is recorded.

NAVIERA EXTRAMAR S.A.

The flag is divided horizontally black over red with an overall white E. The red funnel has a broad black top, with a white E extending over both colours.

NAVIERA F. TAPIAS S.A.

The dark red follows the Spanish house-flag website. The funnel is based on starboard photographs of Sandra Tapias on 17 January 2002 and Nuria Tapias in January 2002.

NAVIERA FORESTAL AFRICANA S.A.

Munisa was noted in April 1964 with a green funnel and narrow black top. No flag is recorded.

NAVIERA HUMBOLDT S.A.

The black funnel has two red bands with a very narrow gap. An unoutlined black circle overlies them, containing a white H above two slightly wavy white lines; the H extends above the circle.

This flag has twelve alternating white and red horizontal bands and a black vertical hoist band one-third of the flag’s width. The black band bears a white H above two slightly wavy white lines.

The alternative flag is red with two narrow white horizontal bands, overlaid by an unoutlined white diamond bearing a black H above two slightly wavy black lines.

NAVIERA LUIS DE OTERO S.A.

Bakker’s Brown 1995-derived flag is a green burgee with a yellow disc bordered white and a red L.

NAVIERA MALLORQUINA S.A.

The blue pennant has a white frame enclosing a white horizontal oval. Red NM letters have their outer legs shortened to follow the oval. The white funnel has a narrow blue band interrupted by a flag panel extending above and below it.

NAVIERA MOÑTANESA S.A.

NAVIERA MURUETA S.A.

Bakker’s flag has five horizontal red and white stripes in approximate proportions 1:2:1:2:1. A central white square contains a black diagonal towards the fly, with a red N at upper left and M at lower right. The diagonal is black rather than Brown 1995’s blue.

Candeias’s version similarly has five red and white stripes and a central white N/M panel, with red letters and a dark-blue bar. Rosanoski notes that the early company website logo’s diagonal looks black rather than dark blue.

Laida’s starboard and Laudio’s portside photographs show a thinner red band and an M with a shallow central v. The related flag rendition follows the early website image. A later logo may indicate a changed M, but Rosanoski considers an overlooked drawing difference more likely because the photographed funnels are consistent.

Atlantico Shipping SL

Atlantico Shipping’s funnel appears on Bouga in a starboard photograph dated 14 April 2012; Barizo has the same marking.

NAVIERA NICARAGUENSE S.A.

Rosanoski states that Nüsse incorrectly attributes this flag to Lineas Navieras Bolivianos S.A.M. The colour shades follow the website image.

NAVIERA NUEVAMAR S.A.

Granefors was noted in September 1966 with a black funnel and broad white band edged green above and below. No flag is recorded.

NAVIERA OCEANICA S.A.

The blue flag has a white ring enclosing a circle divided horizontally white over green, with the white portion outlined green. Squared N and O letters occupy the respective halves in counterchanged colours. The blue funnel carries the same emblem.

NAVIERA PACIFICO C.A.

The emblem has a white globe outlined and lined blue. A blue line extends upwards from the fly side and downwards from the hoist side, with stylised red NP lettering over the globe. Small black NAVIERA PACIFICO lettering runs around its hoist and upper sides. The shades follow the website image.

NAVIERA PANAMERICANA S.A.

Rosanoski interprets La Marina Mercante Argentina 1961 as showing a deep-gold flag with a small blue star, distinctly different from the yellow used for other flags in that source.

NAVIERA PENINSULAR S.A.

The flag is a horizontal red, white and blue triband. Six six-pointed stars occupy the white band in two groups of three, one at each end: a single star nearest the edge and a pair, one above the other, further inward. The white funnel carries the flag as a panel, with its white band undefined against the ground.

NAVIERA PETROGAS S.A.

The flag is blue with a white saltire. At its centre a red circle wholly bears a white P. The black funnel has a broad white band carrying a flag panel.

NAVIERA PINILLOS S.A.

NAVIERA PROA S.A.

The funnel is recorded for Proa Europa in April 1964.

NAVIERA QUIMICA S.A.

The funnel is based on a distant Camaron photograph dated 18 June 2005, so its design may not be exact. The associated flag is inferred from the funnel emblem rather than observed; its blue shade follows the sky in the photograph.

NAVIERA RIVADELUNA S.A.

NAVIERA SANTA CATALINA S.A.

The flag is white with a thick red border and a blue saltire. The black funnel carries a flag panel.

NAVIERA UNIVERSAL S.A.

The funnel letters are probably white, but Mitchell drew them in ordinary pencil on a small image without specifying their colour. The shades follow the website image.

NAVIERA VIZCAINA S.A.

Intzidien Banderak shows a smaller N on the flag.

NAVIG8 SHIPMANAGEMENT PTE. LTD.

Fr8 Venture’s portside photograph shows a symbol blue lighter than the funnel ground.

Fr8 Adria’s July 2006 photographs show the logo blue matching the funnel. Fr8 Spirit and Fr8 Endeavour also carried this version.

This funnel follows Fr8 Endurance’s starboard photograph of May 2008.

Fr8 Pride’s portside photograph of 27 June 2006 shows a funnel matching the superstructure shade. By 26 October 2008 she had adopted F449’s design, with a wider gold band, while the superstructure remained unchanged.

The funnel and flag are recorded on Navig8 Stealth in a portside photograph dated 27 June 2008 and a starboard view of 23 March 2011.

Navig8 Strength’s starboard photograph of 15 September 2013 appears to show black for both funnel and logo. Rosanoski had thought the colour very dark blue and remains unsure after comparing other photographs.

NAVIGATION & COAL TRADE LTD.

Stewart also attributes this livery to Alva Steamship, which Rosanoski considers more appropriate as shipowner rather than manager. NJK suggests that the black funnel top and Vs should be blue; Rosanoski finds other support for blue lettering, but not for a blue top.

Rosanoski questions the merit of Brown 1951’s flag rendition.

NAVIGATION MARITIME BULGARE.

The Bălgarski Morski Flot flag appears on a 1992 stamp depicting Varna and is recorded by Brown under Navigation Maritime Bulgare. Mitchell gives the funnel a wider band.

Rodopi’s emblem was added between 30 August 2011 and 28 June 2012. A 26 September 2013 Trapezitza photograph shows only the lion mirrored, with its head facing forward on both sides.

Jane’s describes this funnel as dark buff.

Bulet State Economic Enterprise / separately described tanker operation

NAVIGATIONSSKOLANS SEGELSÄLLSKAP.

NAVIGAZIONE A VAPORE "NAPRIED".

Heimer’s flag follows Lloyds 1912, under Napried. FAME traces its colours to the Croatian tricolour and Dubrovnik’s red-and-blue barry arms, describing it as the origin of a family of Dubrovnik house flags whose variations continued in use.

NAVIGAZIONE A VAPORE "UNIONE".

Lloyds 1904 attributes the flag to Navigazione Unione. Heimer’s version follows information and scans from Lloyds 1912, where it is called Unione; the letters presumably stand for Unione Ragusa.

NAVIGAZIONE ALTA ITALIA S.P.A.

Rosanoski notes that Brown 1934 gives equal bands for the flag identified here as version 3 in N286. The La Creola pennant should likewise have equal bands, as in N288; an illustration was adjusted to fit its lettering. Lloyds Reedereiflaggen does not fully detail the badge.

NAVIGAZIONE DI CABOTAGGIO SPA.

The funnel follows Quercianella’s starboard photograph dated 16 June 2012.

NAVIGAZIONE GENERALE ITALIANA (1).

NAVIGAZIONE GENERALE ITALIANA (2).

Historical NGI, 1881–1932

Lloyds depicts the first quarter as a landscape with black grass and a small leafless black tree.

The lion sits full-length on the ground, looking to Rosanoski more like a puppy, with a black sprig towards the hoist.

NGI was formed in 1881 by amalgamating Palermo’s Ignazio & Vincenzo Florio with Genoa’s Società per la Navigazione a Vapore Raffaele Rubattino, as Società Riunite Florio Rubattino. It acquired Raggio & Co. and Rocco Piaggio & Figli in 1885, then La Veloce in 1901, liquidating the latter in 1924. Most ships passed to the newly formed Società Nationale [Nazionale] del Servizi Marittimi in 1910. NGI gained control of Lloyd Italiano in 1910 and absorbed it in 1918.

Control of Italia Società di Navigazione à Vapore was acquired from Hamburg Amerika Linie in 1905, 1906 or 1907 according to different references. It merged into Transoceanica in 1917. Transoceanica and Societa Commerciale Italiana di Navigazione, with their fleets, were absorbed by NGI in 1921.

NGI merged into Italia Flotte Riunite in January 1932. Government reorganisation in 1936 led to Società per Azioni di Navigazione Italia from 1 January 1937.

Italy, Rome.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Ferry-company namesake, constituted 1996

The modern company’s flag includes a map of Sicily. Studying the website image, Rosanoski favours dark blue rather than black for the field division, and white rather than yellow for the cross on the map; N457 records that reassessment of the N456 version.

The separate Messina ferry company was constituted on 19 February 1996. Filomena Matacena had previously appeared under Società Navigazione Generale Insurlare. The website suggested an association with Tourist Ferry Boat; both fleets were later recorded as operating and owned through its joint venture with Caronte Shipping.

Italy, Messina.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NAVIGAZIONE GENERALE SICILIANA.

Luisito, recorded as Lusito in the observation, was noted in January 1967 with a black funnel and broad white band bearing a very narrow red band. No flag is recorded.

NAVIGAZIONE LIBERA DEL GOLFO SRL.

Brown 1995 attributes this livery to vessels operating from Naples.

Brown 1995 attributes this livery to vessels operating from Sorrento.

NAVIGAZIONE LIBERA TRIESTINA S.A.

The Ships List dates the N289 funnel to 1907–35 and the buff N290 funnel to 1936–37.

Early flag books show white charges and later ones yellow. Lloyds 1912 and Brown 1926 and 1929 have white charges and no anchor chain. Larousse first shows a chain, supported by a timetable brochure; that brochure also suggests a darkish-buff funnel. A postcard with yellow charges seems, from an accompanying timetable, to date about April 1933. The yellow version appears in Brown 1934 and 1943 and Talbot-Booth from 1936.

Talbot-Booth makes this flag square. Bakker’s postcard-based version retains the unresolved colour question.

NAVIGAZIONE MONTANARI S.P.A.

Although labelled as a funnel illustration, M372 is the sail marking adopted in 1896.

Valle di Aragona’s 19 January 2007 funnel photograph has twelve diagonal red bands, the first and last occupying the corners, rather than the thirteen expected from the flag logo. Valtellina at Sydney in July 2008 has thirteen, with the first occupying a corner. Vallesina shows only nine, not occupying the corners. The flag follows company website images.

Valdaosta’s May 2004 photograph shows an apparent alternative with eleven diagonal bands. Its corresponding flag is assumed.

NAVIGAZIONE TOSCANA SPA.

The funnel follows a portside black-and-white photograph of Porto Azzurro, bought in 1949 and scrapped in 1973.

The flag is white with black NT initials without serifs, following a 1940 Spanish source.

NAVIGIA SHIPPING HOLDING LTD.

The funnel follows Aalderdijk’s portside photograph dated 4 March 2013.

Navigia Shipping B.V.

NAVIGO SHIPMANAGERS.

The later FOTW description gives an approximately 1:2 flag quartered diagonally red and blue, with a white square diamond nearly touching the top and bottom, charged with a black N. Rosanoski questions its origin: the cited pages showed only a link logo, not a flag, and the linked company site supplied no confirming image. He therefore leaves this reconstruction unexplained.

NAVIMER S.A.

NAVION ASA.

The funnel follows Navion Scandia’s photograph of 29 March 2004, which the image source recorded against Rasmussen Maritime Services.

NAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC.

This charterer’s funnel was sometimes seen with a narrow black top, making the blue portion a band.

Photographs of Navios Aurora and Navios Mercator confirm this funnel and, for Rosanoski, its blue shade.

Mitchell records this as a charter funnel on his Krupp Reederei und Brennstoffhandel card.

Rosanoski notes an apparent recent flag change from the company’s March 2004 website image. His rendition keeps the website’s blue rather than the FOTW shade.

The website’s alternative funnel may be white rather than Mitchell’s silver. The pale base might actually belong to the superstructure, in which case the funnel would be N420 rather than a distinct version.

Navios Libra II’s July 2012 portside photograph makes the bands look silver, while Navios Hios’s March 2011 starboard view shows definite grey.

NAVIRAIL OÜ.

The funnel follows an Ahtela photograph dated 29 June 2008.

NAVITANK N.V.

The funnel comes from a Venus photograph. Mertens notes a flag logo, but the FOTW contribution supplies no separate flag image and links to the funnel.

NAVIX LINE K.K.

Nichibu Maru at Lyttelton on 31 July 1990 had a faded orange or red funnel with a narrow black top. Her owner, Eishen Senpaku, had no established relationship with Navix in this account, so the funnel attribution is uncertain. The observed flag N had a square top, but the illustrated design follows information supplied by Navix to JLL, who confirmed a pinkish-red shade.

Watt instead describes the funnel as deep plum and the flag as a lighter cerise.

NAVIZAZIONE GEROLIMICH S.P.A.

Rosanoski suggests that the black letter may be correct as a continuation before a change to green, but the note repeats N283 and does not establish a precise variant chronology.

NAVROM ROUMANIAN MARITIME & FLUVIAL NAVIGATION.

This funnel is recorded for tugs.

This funnel is recorded for passenger craft and confirmed by a photograph of the river steamer Maramures, showing use on inland vessels too.

The flag has horizontal blue, yellow, white and red bands, with an upright yellow anchor between yellow NR letters in the blue. The funnel bands may be narrow, separated by white so that they lie above and below the lettering. Bakker’s version was briefly replaced during the FOTW discussion and then restored.

Mitchell supplies no indication of the source for this funnel.

The local document combines the 1955 maritime/fluvial undertaking, the later Constanța maritime business and post-1990 successors. Retrieved institutional evidence does not resolve the whole legal succession, while the broader historical PDF was inaccessible. Romania is supported as business location; composite identity remains under review.

Baza De Aprovizionare Tehnico Materiala

Mitchell does not explain the funnel’s extensions; Rosanoski notes that the listed fleet otherwise consists of conventional ships, mainly general cargo vessels.

No exclusive fleet-wide use or unrecorded corporate equivalence is asserted.

The local document combines the 1955 maritime/fluvial undertaking, the later Constanța maritime business and post-1990 successors. Retrieved institutional evidence does not resolve the whole legal succession, while the broader historical PDF was inaccessible. Romania is supported as business location; composite identity remains under review.

NAVROM Tulcea / Enterprise Oceanic Fisheries

No exclusive fleet-wide use or unrecorded corporate equivalence is asserted.

The local document combines the 1955 maritime/fluvial undertaking, the later Constanța maritime business and post-1990 successors. Retrieved institutional evidence does not resolve the whole legal succession, while the broader historical PDF was inaccessible. Romania is supported as business location; composite identity remains under review.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

Mitchell assigns this funnel to Plopeni on the NAVRON card without dates to establish its period. Rosanoski considers a charter likely, citing a May 1997 bareboat charter to Euroship Management as an example rather than a proven match.

Charterer and observation date unknown.

The local document combines the 1955 maritime/fluvial undertaking, the later Constanța maritime business and post-1990 successors. Retrieved institutional evidence does not resolve the whole legal succession, while the broader historical PDF was inaccessible. Romania is supported as business location; composite identity remains under review.

Romanian-Libyan Joint Stock Co.

The emblem apparently derives from a shield also shown by Mitchell, although that shield’s wheel lacks the horizontal spoke ends. Mitchell describes a 1992 retitling as Compania de Navigate Romline; Rosanoski instead understands Romline to have taken over the joint-venture vessels, while qualifying whether it was a joint venture at all.

Alleged rename not established.

The local document combines the 1955 maritime/fluvial undertaking, the later Constanța maritime business and post-1990 successors. Retrieved institutional evidence does not resolve the whole legal succession, while the broader historical PDF was inaccessible. Romania is supported as business location; composite identity remains under review.

Societatea de Navigare Soviet-Romano / Sovrom Transport

Mitchell attributes this funnel to Sovrum Transport, also called Societatea de Navigare Soviet-Romano.

No exclusive fleet-wide use or unrecorded corporate equivalence is asserted.

The local document combines the 1955 maritime/fluvial undertaking, the later Constanța maritime business and post-1990 successors. Retrieved institutional evidence does not resolve the whole legal succession, while the broader historical PDF was inaccessible. Romania is supported as business location; composite identity remains under review.

Uzimportexport

No exclusive fleet-wide use or unrecorded corporate equivalence is asserted.

The local document combines the 1955 maritime/fluvial undertaking, the later Constanța maritime business and post-1990 successors. Retrieved institutional evidence does not resolve the whole legal succession, while the broader historical PDF was inaccessible. Romania is supported as business location; composite identity remains under review.

Post-split maritime Navrom

The post-split maritime Navrom operated a small general-cargo fleet and another special-type vessel. It filed for bankruptcy in 1999, with ship sales completed early in 2006.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Photographic context

The photographed paddle steamer Tudor Vladimirescu retained her original hull, engine and paddles despite rebuilding in the late 1950s. After lay-up and an interrupted refit, rebuilding was completed in 2003 for government protocol use. Danes dates the flag photograph after 1990 because the stern ensign lacks Communist arms, and suggests 1990–93 or after 2003 in view of her service history.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NEDERLAND LLOYD.

The illustration appears to combine Koninklijke Rotterdamsche Lloyd’s black funnel with the Nedlloyd Lijnen logo and Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland’s flag.

NEDERLANDSCHE INDISCHE STOOMBOOT MAATSCHAPPIJ.

A Sumbawa image dated about 1880 shows a white flag with a red saltire and blue NISM letters in the quarters. The ship also has a long blue name pennant with white SUMBAWA lettering.

NEDERLANDSCHE KOLONIALE PETROLEUM MAATSACHAPPIJ N.V.

The Dutch Stanvac-related flag has a white field with blue KOLONIALE lettering enclosed by bulging red lines. Unlike the related design, these lines extend to the flag’s edges. The Kombuispraat flag plate identifying NKTM is described as pre-war, a dating Mertens considers credible.

NEDERLANDSCHE STOOMVAART MAATSCHAPPIJ "BESTEVAER".

Handboek 1917 shows a blue B.

NEDERLANDSCHE STOOMVAART MAATSCHAPPIJ "OCEAN" N.V.

The company originally used Alfred Holt’s livery. Several sources, including Handboek 1917, Kantoorvlaggen 1919, Brown 1943 and Scheepsbouw en Scheepvaart, show blue letters.

Rosanoski assumes dark-blue shades from the Holt connection and similarity of design. An Alcinous photograph seems to support the funnel colour, although the accompanying account may concern a pair of ships, one British-flagged under Holt. Brown 1951 shows blue letters with dots; the Flags & Funnels scrapbook has blue letters without dots.

NEDERLANDSE MAATSCHAPPIJ VOOR DE WALVISCHVAART N.V.

Brown gives a larger canton, while Stewart 1953 and 1957 add dots after the letters. Sources after 1956 show equal canton bands and separated letters.

US Navy 1961 shows only a very large W, placed at mid-fly.

Bakker’s version follows the Dutch house-flag chart issued with De Blauwe Wimpel in April 1956.

NEDERLANDSE TANK-EN PAKETVAART MAATSCHAPPIJ N.V.

Wyt suggests a darker funnel colour for N387, probably also applicable to N221.

Westertoren confirms this funnel. The flag colour is guessed from an account that groups orange and yellow together; Rosanoski considers the result suspect.

Bakker’s flag follows the Dutch house-flag chart issued with De Blauwe Wimpel in April 1956.

NEDNOR B.V.

Virage carries the NedNor funnel despite the company being operator rather than owner. The marking lies towards the rear, with the bridge roof extending into the forward area, so it is unclear whether a panel or band is intended. The flag is photographed on Frisian Ocean below Boomsma’s flag, again reflecting the operating role.

NEGROS NAVIGATION CO. INC.

The flag is white with a narrow red horizontal band interrupted by an unoutlined white circle bearing red NN letters. Their outer legs curve with the circle. The white funnel has a red band with the same unoutlined circular letter arrangement. JLL specifies that the inner legs of the Ns are longer than the outer ones and criticises an erroneous rendition repeated by Brown.

NEIL & PANDELIS LTD.

The white flag has a narrow blue horizontal band set below centre, interrupted by a white break shaped around red NP letters. The yellow or buff funnel has a black top separated by a broad band assumed to reproduce the flag. Brown, however, gives the two white areas equal widths.

Fawzi Jamal / Al Amer vessel livery

Al Amer’s 16 August 2010 photograph shows this funnel. Her owner, Fawzi Jamal, was managed by and addressed care of Nejem. The A may refer to the ship’s name.

NELSON LOBO RODRIGUES.

The source records the livery for 1950. The canton devices appear to be six red stars.

NEMTAS NEMRUT LIMAN ISLETMELERI A.S.

The funnel is recorded on 26 Agustos in portside and starboard photographs dated 1 January 2014 and 20 June 2009 respectively.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

Nepco Dauntless, attributed in the observation to Whitehall International Investments, was noted at New York on 28 October 1991 with a green funnel, black top and white N. No flag is recorded.

Mark may be retained from prior owner; no exclusive corporate allocation.

NEPTUN TRANSPORT & SCHIFFAHRTS A.G.

The Flaggen auf dem Rhein 1952 illustration is also attributed to Aktien-Gesellschaft für Schiffahrt. Rosanoski’s blue shade is guessed.

NEPTUNE MARINE CORPORATION.

Waywind is recorded with a plain black funnel. No flag is noted.

NEPTUNE ORIENT LINES LTD.

This flag has seven blue wavy bands.

Neptune Kiku at Lyttelton on 7 April 1985 confirmed the funnel, with the outer trident prongs half the height of the centre prong.

Bakker’s Brown 1995-derived flag is white with three wavy horizontal lines and what the source calls “green rain out of the fly”.

The apparent twenty-first-anniversary flag was seen on Neptune Sardonyx on 21 December 1989. Its centre has about seven slightly wavy grey lines, overlaid by 21 shading from dark blue to light mauve below. At the dexter side, black 1968 and 1989 dates are joined by black dashes. Beneath is the dark-blue inscription YEARS OF PROGRESS over IN GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION. Colours were indistinct on the worn flag.

Nüsse dates this flag’s design to 1989. It apparently led to the N174 flag and funnel, also attributed to N177 and said to have been adopted in 1992. Mitchell omits the upper blue, showing a very deep white top with the logo, which Rosanoski finds unlikely.

NEPTUNE PACIFIC LINE PTE.

Only one of three ships was reported with a black funnel top in 1998. Capitaine Wallis photographs show a possibly sky-blue ground and smaller, shorter trident confined to the upper funnel, mirrored on the starboard side to point forward. Capitaine Tasman’s 14 January 2005 starboard view instead has a larger trident, possibly reaching the base, with its prongs facing aft.

A later portside Capitaine Tasman photograph suggests that the trident’s angle may have changed. Its outer prongs appear straight, unlike apparently rounded earlier versions, but the photographs are not close enough to settle this.

Scarlett Lucy’s 29 June 2009 photograph has a very small trident; the associated flag derives from the company website logo.

A website image shows a black funnel with a blue panel and white trident, apparently on a former vessel, possibly a previous charter.

The website flag design is blue with a white trident placed at an angle in the fly. Rosanoski notes that there is no evidence of an actual flag.

NEPTUNE STEAM NAVIGATION CO. LTD.

NERDRUM SHIPPING LTD.

NESSKIP H/F.

Candeias’s earlier flag follows an animated image on the company website.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

The October 2003 website showed a white flag with a large blue diamond bearing a white N, differing from the earlier animation. This illustration combines that flag with Selnes’s funnel, but the funnel may belong to a manager rather than Nesskip. The website showed several other ships with different companies’ funnels, suggesting chartered tonnage.

Funnel proprietor unproved; do not assign entire composite to manager.

NESTE OIL OYJ

Mitchell leaves N476 undated; Rosanoski presumes it is an early funnel, possibly conflicting with N373.

Mitchell dates this version to 1970 and specifies a green N.

Mitchell dates this version to 1978.

Rankki’s November 1983 portside photograph may support N473, but poor light makes the funnel look greenish white and leaves the dark letter uncertain between black and blue. Another bow view with better colour appears yellow. An incomplete 1993 view looks like N374.

Mitchell dates this version to 1990.

Mitchell dates this version to 1992.

Futura’s September 2003 photograph shows the older colours still in use.

Tervi’s February 2005 New York photograph shows a dark-blue funnel with the basic Fortum logo, lacking the white tonal details in its green circle. The ship remained in the website fleet despite Citibank’s register ownership.

Sirri’s 18 June 2004 photograph appears to show that flag too, although only the beginning of the lettering is visible.

Tervi’s 28 October 2005 photograph records the new funnel and flag. Palva also shows this design in March 2006, but with a black funnel top.

Sirri’s August 2005 funnel apparently reflects the April reorganisation and shows where the earlier emblem was covered. Rosanoski links both new versions to that change.

This funnel follows Palva’s portside photograph dated 12 June 2013, on a later ship of that name than the N487 observation.

NESTOIL PLC.

Although labelled a funnel, this illustration is a hull logo photographed on floating dock hull 1269.

NETHERLANDS GOVERNMENT.

This livery was used by emigrant ships to and from Indonesia after the Second World War. Bakker’s Caltex-based flag places the band entirely in the upper half.

NEU SEESCHIFFAHRTS GMBH.

Amy N’s portside photograph of 5 September 2005 and Alfred N’s starboard view of 6 July 2004 show the same funnel design.

This funnel is recorded on Fritzi N at Port Botany on 23 August 2009 and George N in a portside photograph dated 22 May 2013.

Schneider describes an olive-green, white and olive-green horizontal triband with olive-green NEU centred on the white. His later contribution records a sighting at Außenalster in November 2009.

NEUE DEUTSCH-BÖHMISCHE ELBESCHIFFAHRT A.G.

Ipavec’s flag follows information from Bakker based on Flaggen auf dem Rhein, 1952.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

Company use unconfirmed.

NEUE SCHLEPPDAMPFSCHIFFSREEDEREI LOUIS MEYER.

The flag is blue with a white cross. The black funnel has a broad band showing the flag.

NEW EGYPT & LEVANT SHIPPING CO. LTD.

NEW ENGLAND FUEL TRANSPORT CO.

The flag’s central device appears to be a circle rather than a diamond.

NEW EPIROTIKI STEAMSHIP NAVIGATION “PETROS POTAMIANOS”.

The yellow or buff funnel has a black top and a broad blue band with a yellow cross pomme. The flag is blue with the same yellow cross and yellow NH and two Greek Pis in the respective corners. Rosanoski compares the livery with Epirotiki Steamship Co. “George Potamianos” and suggests that the rounded lower letters, resembling nn, are Greek Pis.

NEW GUINEA EXPRESS LINES (AUSTRALASIA) PTY. LTD.

NEL used chartered tonnage. The source shows no separate flag, although one is indicated on the funnel. NGEL may also have appeared on the funnel.

NEW HEBRIDES TRADING & SHIPPING CO. (PTY) LTD.

NEW LEGEND GROUP.

Apparently the original funnel, this marking appears on New Legend Fortune in June 2008 and Xin Xiang He on 8 November 2008. The former was one of the COSCO co-operation ships, registered under New Legend International Shipping (Group) Ltd.; the latter belonged to Tianjin New Legend Shipping Co. Ltd.

New Legend Pearl’s photograph of 9 October 2010 shows what Rosanoski presumes is a new marking. Her owner was Tianjin Zhongyuda Logistics Co. and manager Tianjin Xinhai International.

NEW MEDWAY STEAM PACKET CO. LTD.

Brown gives a plain yellow or buff funnel and a red-blue vertical bicolour bearing a white horse forcené facing the hoist.

Stewart and The Book of Flags give a yellow or buff funnel with a flag panel. This flag reverses the stripes to blue-red and has the horse forcené facing the fly.

Rosanoski considers one flag version wrong, without deciding which.

NEW SHIPPING KAISHA LTD.

The funnel follows a photograph of the chartered Oriental Kerria dated 15 March 2006. Rosanoski interprets the central emblem as an arrowhead.

NEW SOUTH WALES GOVERNMENT.

The Department of Main Roads operated Koondooloo in 1951–71, although Lloyd’s also lists her under Sydney Ferries Ltd. in 1953–54.

This short-lived funnel is variously dated to 1972 or 1974 and was replaced in 1975. The top is described as navy blue, while another source gives light blue. The NSW logo has the first and last letters ending in arrows curving back.

Adopted in 1975, the livery includes a blue flag with two half-arrows, white above light blue, pointing respectively towards hoist and fly. The shades are uncertain beyond a dark/light distinction. Sydney Ferry Fleets shows a larger but more compact logo.

The 1990 funnel is light cream and dark blue, though Rosanoski could not establish the emblem’s exact construction. The flag, adopted in 1991, combines elements of Sydney Ferries Ltd. and Sydney Harbour Ferries Ltd. with the New South Wales badge stripped of its lion. The stars have eight points; The Log gives them as yellow.

An earlier Lady Northcott photograph confirms a black funnel top, with a lighter-blue logo than N42 and black SYDNEY FERRIES lettering below. Lady Heron carries the logo on her forward superstructure, its lower right-hand lines detached and wavy, and flies a flag with white stars. Pasquin describes a white-ensign-like flag: a red cross bearing four white eight-pointed stars, with a blue canton containing a white-bordered red saltire and white S and F at left and right. Dixon’s Sydney Ferries correspondence identifies it as the State Transit Authority flag, but he questions that description in view of the initials. Rosanoski suggests the white stars may represent a change from the yellow stars reported for 1991.

This livery follows a photograph of Charlotte.

Lady Northcott’s photograph of 26 January 2006 shows her name in white capitals on the black funnel band. Queenscliff instead carries her name just above the logo on the funnel body, in letters presumed green; Rosanoski relates the placement to funnel height.

Government departments

Lloyd’s lists Government ownership and departmental operations, including Fisheries, Public Works, the Minister of Transport and port authorities. Fisheries appears under changing Agriculture and NSW Fisheries titles. Hunter Ports Authority was formed in 1988 at Newcastle. Newcastle Port Corporation is traced to the Maritime Services Board of New South Wales, formed in 1836, with the new name adopted in 1995.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Sydney ferry administration

The Sydney Harbour Transport Act of 1951 established the Sydney Harbour Transport Board. The source records a takeover of Sydney Ferries Ltd. on 1 July 1951 and operation as Sydney Harbor Ferries Ltd., but also cites an account in which the latter company owned Port Jackson & Manly services, operated by that company until Brambles disposed of its ferry interests.

Accounts differ over the successive authorities and dates. Rosanoski records reorganisation as the Public Transport Commission in December 1974, while the Commission itself had been established in 1972 for rail and bus services. Transfer to the Urban Transit Authority is dated both 1 July 1980 and 1983. One account dates the State Transit Authority’s replacement of the Urban Transit Authority to 1989; Lloyd’s records the title State Transit – Sydney Ferries from 1995. Sydney Ferries became a separate state-owned corporation in July 2004.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NEW WORLD FIRST FERRY SERVICES (MACAU) LTD.

The funnel is documented by Xin Chao photographs taken to port on 22 February 2000 and to starboard on 5 February 2014.

NEW YANGTZE NAVIGATION (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD.

The funnel follows a starboard photograph of Yangtze Pioneer at Lyttelton on 21 December 2011.

This version follows a starboard photograph of Yangtze Nova on 2 March 2014.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

Manning’s 1874 flag has a blue saltire and unexplained initials; he also assigns it to the Empire Line. McMillan notes the saltire’s resemblance to Rio de Janeiro’s city flag without establishing a connection. Griffin assigns the identical design to Ocean Steamship Co., or the Savannah Line, and Loughran identifies it as that company’s original flag with its managers’ initials. The managers are unnamed. Rosanoski suggests common management might explain the attributions, including Empire Line, but does not establish it.

Do not assert shared use from conflicting source allocations alone.

NEW YORK & CHARLESTON STEAMSHIP CO.

The flag is white with a red M. McMillan suggests a possible Morgan connection because Morgan served Charleston; Alderson also raises Quintard’s family connection as a possible explanation. Neither establishes the letter’s meaning.

NEW YORK & PACIFIC STEAMSHIP CO. LTD.

The company used its manager’s flag and a variation of the funnel. The funnel is green with a black top; the red flag has a white diamond bearing black GRACE within a black orle.

NEW YORK & PORTO RICO STEAMSHIP CO.

The usual flag was a red triangular pennant with yellow B, interpreted as Bull or Berwind. White B versions are also recorded, including National Geographic. Brown’s 1926, 1929 and 1934 funnels have a very narrow white band. Talbot-Booth likewise shows a narrow band in 1937–38, but Ships & The Sea in 1938 reports equal funnel bands and a white flag letter; Merchant Ships nevertheless continues to show a yellow letter in 1942 and 1944.

The C pennant is shown with a white letter by FOTW and a yellow one by Lloyd in 1904. McMillan associates C with Consolidated ownership, but Rosanoski points out that Lloyd 1904 and Flaggenbuch 1905 predate the stated 1907 takeover. He also questions the B chronology: adoption after Bull’s 1900 departure might favour Berwind. The meanings remain uncertain. Lloyd’s 1904 funnel already has equal bands.

NEW YORK & WEST INDIES STEAMSHIP CO.

NEW YORK, HAVANA & MEXICAN STEAMSHIP CO.

NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA & NORFOLK RAILROAD CO.

Lloyd’s shows stops after the letters NYN.

NEW ZEAFISH (NZ) LTD.

Sarfaq’s funnel follows a Wellington photograph of 23 August 1997. A shield with a walrus head towards the aft end of the port funnel is assumed to be a “fun emblem”.

NEW ZEALAND APPLE & PEAR MARKETING BOARD.

The Board’s logo appeared on chartered ships’ funnels, including E.W. Kilimanjaro; the base colour could vary between vessels. The flag photographed at the Wellington head office on 17 December 1997 is white, with a dark-green pear, red apple and black enza trademark. Rosanoski did not establish that a vessel ever flew it. The company website dates launch of the ENZA brand to 1992, but its timeline gives 1991.

NEW ZEALAND COASTER SERVICE LTD.

The funnel was sighted on Northern Transporter at Lyttelton on 18 July 1991. Its arrow derived from the logo of proposed shareholder N.Z. Express Transport Ltd., which withdrew before operations began. The retained design suggested the Auckland–Lyttelton trade; concealing the arrowhead reveals the original E on the starboard side, while the port emblem is mirrored. The arrow pointed forward on both sides. The funnel, including its arrow outline, was royal blue; the flag sighted on 21 October 1991 was sky blue and had a closed arrowhead. A partner later suggested reversing the flag’s arrow towards the hoist, but Rosanoski saw no such change before the service ended.

Brown shows the starboard funnel, but its flag depiction differs from Rosanoski’s observations. Mitchell also reverses the arrow in the N161 port-funnel version. FOTW follows Brown’s flag, under the incorrect name New Zealand Container Services Ltd.; Brown itself uses the incorrect plural Coaster Services. Rosanoski stresses the singular Service and the closed arrowhead in N161.

NEW ZEALAND FISHERIES LTD.

The funnel was silver.

NEW ZEALAND GOVERNMENT.

Wairua used this funnel on the Ministry of Transport’s Bluff–Stewart Island ferry service.

Tangaroa’s 1972–84 DSIR funnel was light blue, with a darker-blue disc and a white three-masted barque, its mainsail partly furled. The emblem includes interrupted white rings. Correspondence led Rosanoski to revise his reading from one ring above and one below to two at each position, adding small white balls in the breaks.

Rosanoski saw Rapuhia’s dark-blue flag at Lyttelton on 25 May 1988: a white three-masted vessel with double arcs above and below. It belonged to the Marine & Fresh Water Science Oceanographic Institute, a DSIR division; Rapuhia was then contracted to New Zealand (CQX) Ltd. Bob’s earlier Tangaroa observation placed the ring breaks at four and eight o’clock rather than three and nine, with a small white ball in each. Rosanoski accepted that this might be more accurate than his own flapping-flag observation. Rapuhia’s funnel was not recorded; buff with a black top was only presumed.

Tangaroa was sighted at Lyttelton on 10 January 1992 with a bright royal-blue flag, three white curved lines of decreasing thickness and slightly angled white MAF in the lower fly. Flag proportions appeared to be 2:1, matching the funnel panel confirmed in a Wellington photograph of 11 April 1995. A pamphlet suggested Agriculture used a bright-green version, apparently not aboard ship, but Rosanoski retained no further record.

The flag reported on chartered Wanaka in 1986 is blue over green, with a large yellow disc about two-thirds towards the fly bearing a blue lower-case a. Its horizontal arm stops short of the vertical, which has a small nick. It was subsequently identified as Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, or MAFFish, with Wanaka on fisheries research charter in 1985–86. Green may signify agriculture and blue fisheries; an a could suggest agriculture, but no f could be discerned. The illustration is reconstructed solely from the verbal description, as the promised slide was never received. Wanaka retained a stone or dark-cream funnel with a teal-blue S.

Government vessels

Government departments and, from the 1970s, ministries operated ships. Besides Government ensigns, departmental flags were observed, although Rosanoski did not establish their formal status.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Agriculture and Fisheries

The Department of Agriculture originated in 1892 from the Stock and Agriculture branches of Crown Lands. Fisheries joined it in 1972 and transferred to a separate ministry on 1 July 1995; Agriculture retained the MAF acronym and logo. The source then records a merger with Forestry on 1 March 1998, but calls the resulting body the Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries. A July 1996 newspaper report transferred Tangaora and Kaharoa to the National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NZOS.

The funnel carried NZ above OS on Takapu and Toanui, chartered for New Zealand work from July 1983 until 8 July 1984. The insignia was painted out when they left Wellington on 22 July. The vessels belonged to Container Rentals Ltd., managed by Fednav of Montreal. Rosanoski found no evidence of other ships using this logo, although NZOS continued managing supply vessels as a Union subsidiary.

NEW ZEALAND OIL CONSORTIUM.

The ships used the manager’s flag, mentioned but not illustrated in the cited source and confirmed by Lyttelton sightings. Funnel evidence includes photographs of Amokura and Kotuku, the latter also photographed on 11 August 1991.

NEW ZEALAND RAILWAYS.

Lake Wakatipu

For the lake steamers, Sea Breezes dates N666 to 1902–May 1959 and N667 thereafter to July 1962, but its illustration captions give N667 as 1952–62. Rosanoski instead suggests N666 began with the Government’s 1903 takeover of Antrim and Mountaineer. He rejects N18 as a replacement lake livery: it belonged to the rail ferries. Earnslaw still appears in N667 colours in an October 2009 photograph, after her 1981 sale to Fiordland Travel. No lake-steamer houseflag is established.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Rail ferries

The first rail-ferry flag is yellow with narrow green stripes near the top and bottom. Between them is a green-outlined shield or badge with green NZR, the Z larger. Its relative height differs between Brown and The Log; the drawing follows Aramoana’s funnel.

N17 was adopted in June 1970. Arahunga photographs and the Arahunga and Aratika models confirm its framed funnel panel from both sides. The flag’s lower panel was initially seen as almost-black dark blue, then judged black; Rosanoski bases it on an actual held flag. He identifies N668 as reversed.

NZR correspondence dates this funnel to 1985, with Arahunga and Aratika repainted that April, though The Log instead gives June 1984 for Aratika. Arahua carried it from construction. A model’s white funnel base, which would make the band white-black, is treated as an unrealised proposal or modelling error; a January 1987 photograph confirms a light-yellow base.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Corporate and service flags

FOTW correspondence recalls a white corporate flag with the logo above New Zealand Railways lettering, then larger or slanted logos without lettering. Mellor identifies a green-for-red version with ships. Rosanoski distinguishes the 1970 shipping flag’s orange upper panel and logo contained within the field: NZR correspondence confirms that road and general-service logos shared the design but differed in colour. He therefore interprets the green-panel and no-lettering versions as non-shipping services, without assigning them individually, and suggests lettered versions were advertising flags.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Interisland Line

N20’s flag was adopted in 1989 shortly before the N21 funnel. The emblem recalls Pelorus Jack, the dolphin famous for guiding steamers through the Marlborough Sounds in the early 1900s, between green hills and blue sea. Arahua photographs confirm N21’s starboard view. Rosanoski considers the symbol incorrectly proportioned in Brown’s flag, also reproduced by FOTW.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Corporate flag

A separate discussion of the 1989 corporate flag describes a slightly slanted logo with rounded corners and primary colours yellow, blue and black on white. The Interisland Line’s letter of 29 January 1990 confirms that its vessels flew this new corporate houseflag. Rosanoski reads the statement as describing a single Corporation-wide design.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Lynx

For the fast ferry Lynx, a January 1995 calendar and a photograph disagreed over the lower band sequence. The photograph showed blue above green, with the lowest band obscured and presumed green. NZR’s March reply confirmed the funnel arrangement, described in the source as having blue at the base, and explained that the poster used pre-production advertising artwork. It also confirmed continued use of the existing flag, from which Rosanoski inferred its application to Lynx.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Later corporate and Lynx observations

Tranz Rail flags photographed outside Wellington railway station in November 1995 hung from their top edges as banners; a conventional flag was photographed at the port entrance in October 1996. Both appeared about 2:1. Rosanoski’s recollection of a ferry flying one could not be supported by a surviving note. The source separately records Lynx starboard funnels in March and December 1997, with the latter’s port side confirmed in January 1998.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Interislander

Interislander retained this funnel through the 1995–96 ownership and identity changes. Aratere’s port view of January 1999 and Aratika’s starboard view of October 1997 show mirrored emblems pointing forward. The design places a white stylised dolphin, with a blue line through its centre, between green and blue representing hills and sea.

Rosanoski photographed this flag in a Wellington railway-station display case on 4 February 2003. He never saw it flown; it disappeared from view after the travel office closed.

Following the Toll takeover, Arahua introduced this blue, green and yellow funnel after refurbishment in September 2004. Photographs of both sides on 5 October show the upper form continuing round the front in two green, shallow waves before resuming reversed on the other side. Four lower forms continue as a single shallow V-shaped wave. Another light-blue form may lie at the base, mostly hidden by lifeboats. The ferries retained these colours after the 2008 Government buyback; Rosanoski had seen no new flag.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NEW ZEALAND REFRIGERATING CO. LTD.

The flag is white with red NZCL in the corners and a blue R in the centre.

NEW ZEALAND SHIPPING CO. LTD.

Rosanoski considers N609 deliberate rather than a printing error because it is placed among red-and-white flags. He cannot determine whether Griffin’s black-and-white version represents N609 or N610.

The houseflag is white with a red St George’s cross and NZS Co in the quarters: N upper hoist, Z upper fly, S lower hoist and Co lower fly, with the o raised. Mertens describes blue sans-serif letters without a stop; LJC 1885 also omits the stop. The National Maritime Museum calls the letters black, which Rosanoski regards as erroneous; Brown and Loughran give blue. A red-white-blue vertically divided pennant flew above. Originally a ten-foot steam cornet indicating steam-assisted sail, it remained in use until August 1968. The buff funnel shade is confirmed by The Great :Liners Vol. 3.

Reported pennant proportions vary. Mertens describes one half the flag’s height, extending beyond it by about a fifth of the pennant’s own length; a New Zealand Line postcard shows about two-fifths the height and equal length. The museum specimen, dated about 1955–67, has a pennant of 711.2 × 2819.4 mm and flag of 889 × 1371.6 mm. The flag and pennant share a rope and toggle.

From 1 January 1966 NZS used Federal’s dark-red funnel as a common livery, retaining its own flag and, until August 1968, the pennant. Flags of the World 1961 omits N154’s pennant from the illustration but describes it in the text.

Five First World War prizes managed by NZS but owned by Federal used plain black funnels. Rosanoski suggests this may explain N611.

NEW ZEALAND STEAM NAVIGATION CO.

The flag is diagonally quartered white and red with NZSNCo. The hatched monochrome source does not identify the letter colours. Rosanoski shows them black but suggests they might match the successor’s blue on white and white on red.

NEW ZEALAND STEAM SHIPPING CO.

The livery broadly retained its predecessor’s design, changing the letters and possibly their colours. The white-and-red diagonally quartered flag has NZCSC, blue on white and white on red. Rosanoski confirmed it from a painting of Wellington in the Wellington Maritime Museum on 4 November 1993.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

The former trawler Margaret J serviced ships loading Waipipi iron sand off Taranaki, with a circle-and-dots design. Rosanoski’s flag description gives white with a blue circle enclosing black dots. He questions Sea Breezes’ company identification, suggesting New Zealand Steel Ltd. and operations from around the early 1970s. Mitchell’s funnel probably derives from the same Sea Breezes source.

Exact corporate entity and date unconfirmed.

NEW ZEALAND STEVEDORING & WHARFINGERING CO. LTD.

The white table flag has 1:2 proportions and very dark-blue lettering: a large squat S beneath a smaller nz edged by the white field, with small n.z. stevedoring below. All lettering except the large S is slightly angled. Rosanoski never saw a full-sized flag flying, though he thought one might have existed at the Auckland head office.

NEW ZEALAND TRAWLING & FISH SUPPLY CO. LTD.

The funnel colours were taken from a model of Nora Niven, built in 1906, examined at the Museum of Wellington City & Sea on 21 February 2000.

NEWCASTLE & HUNTER RIVER STEAMSHIP CO. LTD.

N349 was the original livery, changed in 1934. N348’s funnel uses the colours of the local 35th Battalion of the first AIF and is confirmed by a photograph of Malubinba.

US Navy 1961 shows the livery retained under the Southern Shipping name.

NEWCASTLE STEAMSHIP CO.

The flag is white with a red diamond. The funnel top was only a rim; on some vessels even this was white.

NEWCASTLE WALLSEND COAL CO.

NEWLEAD HOLDINGS LTD.

The funnel follows starboard photographs of Newlead Tomi at Lyttelton on 2 June 2011 and Newlead Prosperity on 17 February 2011. The diamond is slightly angled.

NEWMAN & DALE.

NEWMAN SHIPPING & AGENCY CO. N.V..

Candeias presents this as a possible flag, since the original may only have been a logo. His proposed white flag has a central green emblem of two adjacent lozenges forming an offset arrowhead-like shape. The logotype appeared in Carga e Transportes, the Monday supplement of Publico. Rosanoski found only the logo on the company website and building sign, with no such flag visible on the seven flagpoles in the building photograph.

NEWMAN, DALE & CO.

NEWPORT SCREW TOWING CO. LTD.

The funnel is black with two widely spaced narrow white bands. The blue flag has a white cross and white NSTC in the respective quarters.

NEWPORT TANKERS CORPORATION.

The funnel, recorded for Achilles, is yellow or buff with a broad white-blue bicolour band bearing a red star. No flag is noted.

NEWTON BROS. & CO.

NIARCHOS GROUP.

The Niarchos family came from the Peloponnesse. Stavros Spyros Niarchos encouraged his Coumandaros uncles into shipowning in 1935. One account dates his own first ship to 1933; another gives a 60% interest in Maleas in 1938. He moved to London and then New York in 1940. After the war he formed North American Shipping & Trading with 75% American associates’ ownership to obtain U.S. T2 tankers, chartering them to a Panamanian company to avoid U.S. profit taxes. Headquarters returned to London in 1949, although most ships were still operated from New York in 1958 before a later transfer.

A-C Tankers was acquired from Standard-Vacuum, with charters transferred to World Tankers and ships sold before A-C was phased out in 1964. World names were generally used after the Second World War. Niarchos died in April 1996. The group’s final ship, World Serenity, was sold in December 2003 as the business diversified into property, refining, finance and banking. Niarchos (London) and New York’s Transoceanic Marine remained listed as owners’ representatives.

U.K., London.

AMERICAN OVERSEAS TANKER CORPORATION.

American Overseas Tanker Corporation was formed in 1947 with Niarchos financial support. Its ships were chartered to Panamanian Greenwich Marine, later bought by Panamanian World Tankers. Delaware Tanker Corporation, owned by American interests including Niarchos’s sister, took over the American company.

USA, New York.

COMAPAÑIA INTERNACIONAL DE VAPORES LTDA.

Lloyd’s lists this company in 1953–54 and 1958–59.

Panama.

HELLENIC SHIPYARDS CO. LTD.

The shipyard company appears from 1963–64 to 2000. Its agents are variously listed as International Operations, International Maritime Agencies and the Niarchos Group.

Greece, Athens, subsequently Piraeus.

INTERNATIONAL ,MARITIME AGENCIES CO. S.A.

Listed initially as agents and subsequently as owners’ representatives, International Maritime Agencies represented Hellenic Shipyards and Leander Tanker among other companies.

Greece, Piraeus.

INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS S.A.

International Operations appears as agent from 1973–74, later as owners’ representative and by 2003 as the group’s operating agency arm. Its principals included Hellenic Shipyards, Leander Tanker, Proteus Tanker and numerous single-ship companies.

Greece, Athens, subsequently Piraeus.

North American Shipping & Trading Co. Inc.

North American Shipping & Trading was 75% American-owned, including Niarchos’s sister, with Niarchos holding 25%. Its vessels were chartered to his Panamanian Compañia Internacional de Vapores.

USA, New York.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Group relationships

Operating companies included Hellenic Shipyards, International Operations and Panama Oceanic Lines. Pacific-Mediterranean Line was a 1946 joint venture with Ari Onassis and Costa Gratsos, dissolved about November 1947. Southern Shipping was a joint venture with S. Livanos.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Group livery

Sources vary in the N’s shape, the forms behind it and the treatment of the funnel bands. Photographs show lighter and darker blues, with dark blue difficult to distinguish against black. Aft steps may be sloping or vertical, perhaps following the funnel’s rake; some drawings extend the bands fully round. The group livery was probably used by subsidiaries apart from the two Greek International companies. Sources specifically confirm Neptune Tanker, Panama Oceanic Lines, Wickes S.S., World Tanker and Hellenic Shipyards.

Midway Shipping is recorded with the group funnel. Northern Conqueror in May 1965 lacked the N but retained the stepped bands; Northern Joy carried the letter in June, described as an exception. Northern-prefixed ships without N are identified in the source with North Pacific Shipping.

The funnel follows a late-1960s starboard photograph, probably of World News but possibly World Negotiator. The N’s aft stroke and the band ends slope with the funnel. Bands continue round the front, not the rear, and the blue is lighter than on the museum flag. Brown 1958 may show full-width bands, though its misaligned drawing is inconclusive. The museum’s Niarchos Ltd. flag is dated 1955–67 and measures 1219.2 × 1828.8 mm.

Stewart’s N143 bands stop short aft and slope as in N490; the source records the direction with the notation “pbds”.

World Produce’s photograph of 25 May 2000 confirms this funnel, but whether the band ends slope is unclear. Mitchell gives both sloping and non-sloping versions, one under International Operations.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

International Operations and International Maritime Agencies

Mitchell depicts I142 twice, but his line drawings show only I143, supported by a World Crest photograph. He also indicates I143 for International Maritime Agencies.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

DOJIMA MARINE CO. LTD.

Dojima Marine was formed in 2001 and appears under Sojitz from December 2004.

Japan, Osaka.

NEWS MARITIME CO. LTD.

Nichimen formed News Maritime in June 1992 for ship purchase, chartering and management, through the amalgamation of Mibae Shosen and Dojima Senpaku. Shipbuilding was added in October 1999. Management operations passed to Dojima Marine in April 2001; in April 2004 News Maritime merged with Nissho Iwai Marine to form Sojitz Marine & Engineering. Lloyd’s later gives 1966 as a formation date, which Rosanoski attributes to a predecessor.

Japan, Osaka.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

Fleet/charter relationship cannot identify these marks.

Nichimen Corporation

Founded in November 1892 as Japan Cotton Trading Co., the company became Nichimen Co. Ltd. in April 1943 and Nichimen Corporation in June 1982. Integration with Nissho Iwai began on 1 April 2003 through Nissho Iwai-Nichimen Holdings, making both originals subsidiaries. They merged into Sojitz Corporation on 1 April 2004, which then merged with the holding company on 1 October 2005. Shipping operating companies included Dojima Marine and News Maritime.

Japan, Osaka.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NICHIREI CORPORATION.

The emblem is a stylised snow crystal enclosing the kanji Ni. The black funnel bears a white frame and symbol; the flag is white with the frame and symbol red. The livery is recorded on Sanwa Sempaku’s Sagami Maru, Mikawa Maru and Tosa Maru, presumed chartered.

Adopted in the early 1980s, the later funnel reverses to white with a black frame and symbol. Rosanoski assumes continued use of the earlier flag if a flag applied at all; neither livery’s flag use is detailed.

NICHIRO GYOGYO K.K.

The emblem represents the kanji Ni and remained unchanged, though chartered vessels sometimes showed variations. Brown says the base funnel colour may vary while the band is generally retained; Rosanoski questions the account’s emphasis on chartered tonnage for a fishing company. Brown’s flag has a thicker central bar than its surrounding frame, unlike the versions noted on Haruna Maru No. 1 and No. 2.

NICHOLSON & MCGILL.

The flag is blue with a white saltire. No funnel is recorded.

NICHOLSON BROTHERS HARBOUR TRANSPORT PTY. LTD.

The funnel top was mid-brown.

NICOLAI TANKREEDEREI GMBH.

NICOLAUS & CO.

NICOLL BROTHERS.

The flag is red with a white rectangle bearing a blue N.

NICOS .J. VARDINOYANNIS.

The funnel was noted on Ioanna V and Manuela in February 1966. Manuela belonged to Varnima Corporation, care of Varnima Shipping Agency. Its design appears related to Varnima’s: yellow or buff, with a black top separated by a broad blue band edged white, carrying combined white “NB”. No flag was noted.

NIEDERELBE SCHIFFAHRTSGESELLSCHAFT MBH & CO. K.G.

Nüsse’s old and new websites supply table-flag specimens.

Schneider’s table flag has a white central diamond and light-blue NSB with a larger S. He saw it in a Hamburg St. Pauli pub on 28 May 2004.

Buxsailor’s portside photograph of 27 July 2008 appears to show black letters, but blue is possible given the distance and poor angle.

Buxsailor’s funnel and flag on 2 June 2010 have equal-height letters. The July 2008 views instead show a deep-blue top with a white diamond and apparently black, also equal-height letters. Buxpower’s October 2009 starboard photograph shows the flag at the same angle without a pole.

The chartered Buxfavourite’s starboard photograph of 7 March 2012 shows blue so dark it appears almost black, a slightly longer S and a short funnel without a white base. Rosanoski suggests the funnel’s height may explain that absence. Buxstar’s port view of 29 July 2013 instead has a short funnel above white superstructure, equal-height letters and an S formed mainly from straight lines with short curves.

This funnel is recorded on Conti Equator to port on 6 May 2010 and to starboard on 9 December 2012.

NIEDERSÄCHSISCHE VERFRACHTUNGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH.

Schneider’s 2007 rectangular reconstruction from a website file was doubtful from the outset. It gave the diamond a black lower part; he also reported side plates with a more upright Lower Saxony horse in a red rectangle with concave sides, and a bow version with reversed horse and red letters. Rosanoski found the reversed horse only on Niedersachsen 9. He argues that the diamond base should be green, separated from the red upper part by a curved white line. In August 2010 Schneider agreed that the rectangular image was probably erroneous: he had observed pennants and a green base. An inland-shipping website apparently copied the reconstruction, which Rosanoski warns does not independently substantiate it.

Flaggen auf dem Rhein and Flaggen der Binnenschiffahrt support short pennants, perhaps shortened to fit the printed illustration space. They omit the white dividing line, possibly through printing limitations; the lower segment still forms a hill. One cited rendering is black below. A partially hidden marcollect table flag may also be a short pennant, but its obscured fly prevents certainty. The Rhein version shows all four horse legs.

Company photographs of Niedersachsen 21 and Niedersaschen 22 establish use of pennants. Jan Mertens supplied a pennant image in February 2006 and another from a 2007 auction, described as a newly made triangular mast flag about 120 cm long. Niedersachsen 22’s bow has red and white bands with a white-edged diamond on the red, the horse facing as on the flag, and pennant-like painted forms on both sides. The yellow funnel of Niederrsachsen 1 has a broad red-over-white band covering nearly all of it. Its partly obscured stern view appears to repeat the bow scheme: diamond edged white on red, letters white on red and black on white.

Michaels depicts an earlier flag, dated 1935: white with a very broad red cross bearing a white horse, and black NVGH in the small white quarters.

NIELS WINTHER & CO. APS.

The website logo joins the letters, whereas the flag in the company booklet separates them; Rosanoski allows that the design may have changed. The copied website image appears blue.

NIESLEN CHARTERING A/S.

Brown makes the design occupy most of the flag field and funnel band and shows only two wavy lines at the base. Rosanoski did not take his colour shades from the website image. Funnel base colours may vary on chartered tonnage.

NIEUWE ROTTERDAMSE SLEEPDIENST B.V.

The black funnel has a broad white band with a flag panel. The flag is gyronny of twelve, repeating white-red-white-blue, with a small central white disc outlined black. Loughran calls it based on the Dutch Merchant Jack; Rosanoski identifies that as an error and gives the Naval Jack instead, citing Kannik.

NIGERIAN NATIONAL SHIPPING LINE LTD.

The green is specified as emerald. Flag proportions are 2:3, with the N occupying half the depth.

NIHON SEKIYU K.K.

The funnel emblem initially reversed the flag colours, later changing to national red. It also appeared on chartered Shimazu Kaiun vessels.

NIHON YUSOSEN K.K.

The yellow or buff funnel has a narrow black top and a blue lifebelt enclosing a blue T. Watt explains T as Tanker and the lifebelt as an adaptation of a Japanese mon.

The white flag with blue lifebelt and T was initially presented with doubts over the rival red version. Watt’s correction of 23 June 2002 identifies the blue flag as an error: the emblem should be red.

The corrected flag is white with a red lifebelt and red T.

NIHONKAI KISEN K.K.

The black funnel has a broad white band with two very red bands towards its top and bottom, and a red circle between. The flag repeats the funnel band.

NIHONKOKU YUBIN JOKISEN KAISHA.

The flag, established on 12 September 1872, uses a stylised nichi character for Japan, pronounced Nihon or Nippon. The funnel illustration was taken from monochrome evidence.

NIIGATA SHOSEN SOKO K.K.

NIKOLAOS ADAMAKIS.

The forum evidence was not independently corroborated in an authoritative historical source; it cannot alone establish VERIFIED identity and jurisdiction.

NILE DUTCH AFRICA LINE B.V.

The white flag has blue lower-case nds, angled as recorded by the source’s notation “Pbds”, above smaller blue NILE DUTCH AFRICA LINE in Times Roman. No funnel is given.

NILS H. CARLSSON.

NILS HÖYLAND.

The basic funnel mark appears to have been used across the fleet. H704 is based on a portside view of Ocean Spirit dated 8 November 2001, attributed to Sartor Shipping, and supported by a photograph of Ocean Viking.

H705 comes from a portside photograph of Ocean Mainport, listed under Ocean Mainport Offshore.

NILS MALMBERG.

US Navy 1961 shows a yellow flag bearing a blue M.

NILSSONS BOGSERBÅTAR A/B.

The funnel follows Storvik photographs from about 1968. A later photograph of Torefors, dated 6 October 1979, shows Wirén colours.

NIPPO KAIUN K.K.

Mitchell’s Myoken Maru line drawing has a blue funnel.

NIPPON CAR FERRY CO. LTD.

The red funnel has a blue bird, outlined white, soaring to sinister. The flag is a yellow-red vertical bicolour with increasing-size white NFC, essentially NF above C. A green segment runs from N to the upper edge; the red half fills the C’s curve, and the F’s tail descends level with the top of C.

NIPPON KAIYOSHA K.K.

The white funnel has a black top and two red bands separated by an equal width of white, with a larger gap above. A blue star with an undefined white edging lies over the bands. The white flag similarly has two red horizontal bands and an overall blue star edged white.

NIPPON KISEN K.K.

NIPPON LINER SYSTEM LTD.

The dark-blue livery was sighted on Godwit at Lyttelton on 10 September 1989. The blue funnel has a broad blue band edged white above and below, bearing white NLS, slightly angled in the source’s “Pbds” notation. The N and L appear to share a leg, inferred from the missing sinister leg of N. The blue flag repeats the logo.

NIPPON SALVAGE K.K.

The version associated with Hotsu Maru in 1940 may have had a yellow funnel with black top, but the source does not give colours. Its suspect flag is green with a red diagonal bend and white letters aligned along the bend. Receipt of the background article added no further information.

Brown says both funnel versions apply. Watt identifies N151 as the earlier funnel and confirms N150 as the correct flag version. N150 uses Sache’s World Salvage Directory flag rather than Brown’s depiction.

NIPPON SHIO KAISO K.K.

Watt reports that Japanese books show the funnel bands on buff, without white, whether as bands or a panel. Their diamonds have slightly curved sides, including the smaller central diamond. Rosanoski therefore favours the US Navy N260 version, but Watt does not establish whether the small diamond is solid or a mascle.

N262 is dated approximately 1972–73. In June 1972 the chartered Kotoku Maru had a black funnel and the N262 flag as a bridge panel. A contemporary WSS record, represented by N263, instead gives a buff funnel with that flag as a panel.

NIPPON SHOKU EN KAISO K.K.

NIPPON SUISAN K.K.

The emblem is a stylised kanji Ni of Nippon in traditional mon form, also described as Nichi, representing one sun or one day. The normal black funnel carries a white emblem; red emblems also appeared on white or cream funnels, with many chartered-vessel variations. A monochrome Hukusima Maru photograph confirms N84.

Rosanoski identifies this flag as a source error, apparently inferred from the funnel.

NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

No definite Nissho or owner allocation.

NYK-Hinode Line Ltd.

N646 portside-only charter mark; opposite-side owner marking not conflated. Colour variants retained.

NYK Ship Management Co. Ltd.

N646 portside-only charter mark; opposite-side owner marking not conflated. Colour variants retained.

NYK Global Bulk Corporation

N646 portside-only charter mark; opposite-side owner marking not conflated. Colour variants retained.

Documented shared associations — Serpent’s Mouth Carriers / Turmills Maritima — Magellan Endeavour joint venture

Flag origins and proportions

The two red bands are variously explained as the founding companies or the katakana ni, the first syllable of Nippon and also meaning two. Another explanation links them to the postal flag. Rosanoski notes that the postal flag was adopted only in 1887, after NYK’s flag, and discusses the reverse claim: Nakajima Senjiro reportedly adapted the NYK ni into te for the Communications Ministry after seeing it in 1886. The Flag Bulletin bases a close-spaced original design on nineteenth-century advertisements and a 1940 account. Rosanoski questions the advertisements as authority for exact proportions. The company told him no specifications existed until 1939, allowing actual variations.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Early flag variants

The Flag Bulletin’s proposed early flag has equal bands except for a narrower central white stripe, contrasting with the five equal stripes in twentieth-century advertisements. Rosanoski considers the evidence insufficient to exclude an equal-band original.

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Early flag and funnel

N14’s flag has five equal bands. Nelson’s FOTW version uses proportions 5:3 rather than 3:2. N14 is also identified as the original funnel, before bands were added in 1929. One account names the newly built Asama Maru as first to carry the banded design.

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Published flag variants

Ollé’s unsourced flag has red bands narrower than the outer white bands but wider than the central white stripe.

The three white bands are equal, with narrower red bands.

Harnack’s fleet-list funnel appears to have red bands wider than white. Its flag has very narrow red stripes, a central white stripe about twice their width and much wider outer white areas. From 1938 Harnack’s separate colour-livery section instead shows N13.

The later Harnack fleet-list version widens the red flag stripes slightly and makes the central white stripe the same width. The narrative names Harnack 1938, while the source list cites the 1958 edition.

Brown 1971 shows a white flag with two narrow red stripes towards the top and bottom.

This flag repeats N730’s equal white bands and narrower red bands with a different funnel. Bakker’s FOTW image follows Brown 1995.

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Standard livery

The funnel’s outer white bands are narrower than the intervening bands, while the flag’s five stripes are equal. Godwit at Lyttelton in December 1991, Tigris Leader photographs and Noshiro Maru’s portside view of October 2013 support the distinction. Some small published funnel drawings appear equal-banded; monochrome Yamagata Maru and Noto Maru photographs instead suggest a wider central white gap.

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Passenger-vessel funnels

Asuka used this passenger-vessel funnel, with a mid-blue top in the cited photograph. Asuka II’s later funnel is black with a huge panel covering most of it except the top and back; a March 2006 view shows an earlier, more conventional treatment. Separately, Watt’s 2002 correspondence names Suwa Maru in March 1929 as the first vessel using N131, rather than Ships Monthly’s Kaga Maru. That statement is retained alongside the source’s Asama Maru account.

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Car carriers

Orion Leader’s January 2012 funnel accompanies a blue hull marked NYK Line, traceable in photographs to 2005–06. The hull has diagonal bright-blue, light-blue and white stripes of decreasing width, mirrored so that white lies nearest the bow. Capricornus Leader showed the same arrangement; other car carriers, including Festa in 2007, had black funnels. Cassiopela Leader in September 2010 instead had a bright sky-blue funnel without a black top, and equal-width light-blue and white diagonal hull stripes.

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Chartered vessels

World Navigator’s April 2011 photograph shows an added Waterfront Shipping logo at the funnel base, apparently while on charter. Scarlet Ibis under similar circumstances used N773 without that addition.

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NYK Ship Management

Mitchell normally assigns N13’s flag to NYK Ship Management and its line drawings, but also shows N645 with a numeral 2 beside it and no further explanation.

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NYK Global Bulk

NYK Global Bulk’s initial N647 funnel appears on Global Island. N648 adds white NYK GLOBAL BULK on the lower blue band, shown on Global Glory on 24 June 2009.

Ocean Paradise’s port funnel in January 2010 substitutes an NYK Global Bulk panel for United Ocean Enterprise’s marking. The owner’s marking remained to starboard, giving the chartered ship two different sides.

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Humming Maritime

Rosanoski thinks this funnel more likely belongs to a charterer, naming Nissho Kaiun as the only known user of such a design. Humming Maritime, formed in 1989, appears as an NYK single-ship company managed by Denholm; the funnel attribution remains tentative.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NYK-Hinode

A ship’s plan suggests NYK-Hinode retained Hinode’s black funnel with a very broad red band. Website photographs show differing funnels on unidentified vessels. The apparent new flag derives from the website logo, whose letters were initially read as AA and later identified as HY.

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Yusen marking

Musashi’s March 2010 starboard photographs show the funnel’s purple shade more clearly in one view than another. Bizen in June 2011 appears lighter, perhaps through camera effect; Iwami’s June 2013 port view is dark bluish. The meaning of Y is unexplained: Rosanoski notes the Yusen Building address and Yusen-named logistics businesses without establishing a connection.

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Joint venture

Magellan Endeavour’s funnel is recorded from a portside photograph. Built in 2006, the ship was a joint venture of Serpent’s Mouth Carriers, an Iino company, and Turmills Maritima, an NYK company. The former is also recorded as Serpentis Mouth Carriers.

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NIPPONKAI KISEN K.K.

The red flag has a broad white horizontal stripe bearing a red circle. The black funnel carries a broad band of the flag, edged white above and below.

NIRINT SHIPPING.

The funnel follows a portside photograph of Zeelandia dated 26 September 2013.

NIRVANA COMPAÑIA NAVIERA S.A.

Mitchell associates S. Savvas with the funnel and a King Sailor line drawing; Lloyd’s 1992–93 lists that vessel as managed by Nirvana.

Greece, Piraeus.

ORDER SHIPPING CO. LTD.

The funnel is shown on Elpida S to port on 5 September 2011 and Chrysoula S to starboard on 19 February 2014. Rosanoski identifies Nüsse’s table flag as displayed back to front, suggesting the S had been mistaken for an abstract symbol.

Mitchell’s funnel is presumed to derive from Sailor, although there is no line drawing. His associated name George Steratkitis could not be traced. Rosanoski suggests Captain George Skiathitis, listed as general manager, but stresses that linking either man, or S. Savvas, to the funnel’s S is conjectural.

Order is listed as formed in 1985 and as agent for Sailor in 1988–89. A different 1992–93 entry under Tsakos, for another vessel, may be a namesake. The later Order appears as Nirvana’s operating company and by 2011–12 as managers only. Most ships have S as the second part of their names.

Greece, Piraeus.

Nirvana and Order relationship

Lloyd’s initially describes Nirvana as formed in 1985 as Order Shipping, but by 2000 treats the names as separate companies, with Order operating for Nirvana at the same address.

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NISA NAVEGACIÓN S.A.

The company website supplies this flag logo, with its blue shade uncertain. It also shows Navimag, Nisabulk and Cruceros Australis logos, which Rosanoski presumes represent subsidiaries without establishing their corporate relationships.

Mitchell uses a lighter blue than the later website, both on N748 and the N745 band. N748 may derive from Southern Lady.

Navimag Ferries

The Navimag website’s flag and Mare Australis bow pennant, together with Amadeo I’s flag photograph of 7 March 2009, supply these variants. Amadeo I confirms the port funnel, while Evangelistas shows the mirrored starboard design, with the flame pointing forward on both sides. The ships were NISA-owned and Navimag-managed; Rosanoski questions whether Naviera Magallanes had been renamed Navimag Ferries.

Navimag Carga S.A.

Copernico’s funnel follows a photograph of 12 January 2012. The cited register places the owning company at Las Condes and manager Navimag Ferries at Puerto Montt.

NISHI-NIHON KISEN K.K.

The white flag has two red bands interrupted by white, their ends angled in the source’s “Pbds” notation. A red N fills the break, equal in height to the combined band area. The white funnel carries the same design.

NISSAN KISEN K.K. (1)

Sources disagree over whether the red bands end straight or forked beside the letter. Stewart and, less clearly, US Navy show forked ends, while Watt gives straight ones; their presence on the funnel is uncertain. Funnel and flag lettering also differ. Watt traces the depiction to a 1953 Japanese book copied through Styring, considers the funnel more accurate from photographs, and questions the flag’s different S. A 1960s monochrome advertisement has a conventional letter.

Brown shows unbroken bands with a squared black S over them. Watt identifies N111 as incorrect.

This funnel was adopted after the Second World War. Its two bands represent ni in kanji and katakana; S may stand for the second syllable san or for steamship.

Nissan Kisen (1)

Reconstituted from Nippon Kisen in February 1934 as Nippon Sangyo Kisen, Japan Industrial Steamship, the company adopted the abbreviated Nissan Kisen name in November 1937. It merged into Showa Kaiun in 1964. Ryuun Kisen at Dairen is listed as an operating subsidiary, and vessel names used Ni as a prefix.

Japan, Tokyo; Kobe is given by Jordan.

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Nissan Kisen (2)

The original separately records a Kita-gun namesake in Lloyd’s 1963–64 and 1973–74.

Japan, Kita-gun.

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NISSAN SENPAKU K.K. (1)

Nissan Senpaku (1)

The Tokyo company was formed in 1958. Lloyd’s places it as a Showa Kaiun operating company in 1998 and under Nippon Yusen in 2000; later entries place its fleet under a single-ship company and then a joint venture.

Japan, Tokyo.

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Nissan Senpaku (2)

The Kobe namesake is recorded in 1973–74.

Japan, Kobe.

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Nissan Senpaku (3)

A further Japanese namesake is recorded in 1978–79.

Japan.

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Nissan Senpaku (4)

The Onomichi company is listed in 1980–81 and in 1988–89 as owners and agents.

Japan, Onomichi.

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NMCC.

Recorded in the early 1970s, this funnel’s flag is confirmed by a company table flag. Some early sightings give a thin blue-and-white panel border and DATSUN lettering. Rosanoski treats Mitchell’s omission of the lettering as an error.

The badge resembles the Datsun car emblem. Loughran’s omission of flag lettering is presumed a printing error, but Watt identifies both N75 and N76 designs as incorrect. Bakker’s FOTW N75 is credited to Brown 1975, while the source list cites Brown 1995.

The grey funnel top dates from about 1984–85. Watt dates a new flag to 1969; Rosanoski did not subsequently see it flown and associates it with the grey-topped funnel by calculation rather than observation.

Atlantic Spirit’s photograph of 11 February 2009 supplies this funnel. Global Spirit, photographed on 16 March 2008, lacked a black funnel top. Both ships were chartered from World Marine.

NISSEN KAIUN K.K. (1)

Nissen Kaiun (1)

Formed in 1963, the principal company is also listed as Nissen Kaiun Co. Ltd. Its operating interests included Kyowa Kisen, Nikko Kisen, formed in 1978, and Sun Lanes Shipping, formed in 1985. Green Spanker Shipping appears as a single-ship subsidiary, previously assigned to Eisho Kisen. Registry treatment of Nikko and Sun Lanes changes between operating-company and single-ship listings.

Japan, Oaza, Hakata, subsequently listed simply as Hakata.

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Nissen Kaiun (2)

A separate 1980–81 entry names Sungrace. Rosanoski considers it likely to match the 1979-built Sun Grace, despite the ship index also recording a 1983 change to that name, and suggests this explains the company’s absence in 1985–86.

Japan.

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NISSHIN KISEN K.K. (1)

Nisshin Kisen (1)

The original funnel has four white bands separated by equal widths of the funnel colour, possibly representing the four founders. Watt’s five-band flag drawing was subsequently acknowledged as erroneous and corrected to seven in his next instalment. Rosanoski reasons that a corresponding flag would have four red and three white equal stripes, while recording the conflicting five-band advice he had received.

This funnel was adopted shortly before the 1939 merger.

Nelson’s FOTW image, citing Fune To Hata and a flag dated 1916, gives unequal stripes. The photograph has a crease in the centre stripe, leaving uncertainty over whether it should be widened; the depiction makes the central white stripe equal to the red stripes and narrower than the outer white areas. Watt later confirms equal widths. Rosanoski’s earlier discussion preserves both the five-band claim and his expectation of seven from the funnel design.

The Japan-China Steamship Co. was formed in March 1907 by four companies including NYK and OSK and became a steamship owner in 1908. It merged into Toa Kaiun on 5 August 1939, although later Merchant Ships editions still use Nissin or Nisshin. Toa was dissolved by the Allies in 1946.

Japan, Tokyo.

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Nisshin Kisen (2)

The Imabari namesake, also listed as Nisshin Kisen C. Ltd., was formed in 1981 and appears through 2011–12.

Japan, Imabari.

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Nisshin Kisen (3)

Mitchell records an Osaka company for Hosho Maru, built in 1976, and a change of company name to Seacom Corporation in July 1990. Rosanoski could not locate it in Lloyd’s; the ship index confirms the vessel’s build and a 1988 vessel-name change but gives no owner.

Japan, Osaka.

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NISSHO IWAI CORPORATION.

The flag photographed over a Wellington wharf shed on 8 November 1995 may be a shore version, with the name added below. Watt suggests its colours might also be shore-specific. The funnel was reported for Shosei Maru’s 1970 charter.

NISSHO KAIUN K.K. (1)

Nissho Kaiun (1)

The flag is assumed to repeat the funnel band.

Also called Nissho Shipping Co. Ltd., the principal entry describes charterers only. Its historical livery reference is dated June 1965, with June 1956 also recorded in Watt’s correspondence. An April 2011 announcement planned a merger with Yuyo Steamship effective 1 April 2012; both were within the JX group, and the statement did not specify which would absorb the other.

Japan, Tokyo.

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Nissho Kaiun (2)

One Osaka namesake is listed from 1958–59 to 1973–74.

Japan, Osaka.

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Nissho Kaiun (3)

A second Osaka entry appears from 1963–64 to 1970–71.

Japan, Osaka.

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Nissho Kaiun (4)

Another Tokyo entry appears in 1970–71.

Japan, Tokyo.

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Nissho Kaiun (5)

The Ryugatake company appears in 1978–79 and as Nissho Shipping Co. Ltd. in 1985–86.

Japan, Ryugatake, Amakusa-gun.

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NISSHO SHIPPING CO. LTD.

The flag is white with a very large red sans-serif N, seen at Golden Jupiter’s launch. The funnel is confirmed by Nichioh’s photograph of 27 October 2006 and is also recorded on Doniambo and Jules Garmier, chartered annually to Société Metallurgique Le Mickel. Stewart and Mitchell label the livery Nissho Kisen. Chartered Kushiro Maru was seen in March 1965 with the flag but a plain black funnel, possibly because the band had been painted out.

NISSUI SENPAKU K.K.

The livery adapts the parent company’s, with chartered vessels sometimes changing the funnel base colour. Toko Maru in June 1962 was reported very dark blue; Hokko Maru, Seiko Maru and Nanko Maro sightings instead gave light blue. Suruga Maru at Lyttelton on 17 May 1985 was light, bright blue. The earlier vessels were registered to Nippon Suisan, with Toko Maru and Seiko Maru later under Nissui.

NITTETSU KAIUN K.K.

N231 is described as the original funnel, associated with Zuiko Maru in June 1962; Rosanoski later could not relocate that observation in the cited Watt letter. N232 appears on the same vessel in 1965. No flag change is mentioned, though adding edging would align it with N162.

Rosanoski questions the white flag with a broad blue stripe bearing the diamond and letter, regarding it as an apparent mistaken inference from the funnel band. Watt likewise queries white bands on the flag.

N752 is effectively the N268 funnel, with uncertainty over the blue shade. Rosanoski favours a shade consistent with N518 and suggests the website logo shows a darker blue flag field.

The light-blue funnel was reported on NSS Endeavour at Newcastle on 3 August 2006 and confirmed by an NSS Grandeur photograph.

Nippon Steel Corporation

Mitchell associates this funnel with Chiribetsu Maru, whose line drawing is yellow. Rosanoski did not locate the ship under that name in Lloyd’s; the ship index records construction in 1986 and sale in 1995.

NITTETSU KISEN K.K.

The design combines a Western N with two bands, ni meaning two in Japanese.

NMA MARITIME HOLDING B.V.

This flag reference comes from the company website logo; the source preserves several archived logo versions without a further verbal design description.

NOBEL'S EXPLOSIVES CO. LTD.

The flag’s annulet reads NOBEL’S EXPLOSIVES COMPANY LIMITED. LIMITED is reversed in orientation around the ring so that it can be read normally; the script at either side reads Alfred Nobels.

Lady Isobel carried this livery under Australian registry from 1921 to 1926.

NOBLE CORPORATION.

Noble Phoenix’s port photograph of 9 January 2012 is poorly lit, but the emblem appears to match the website logo’s shades.

Noble Seillean’s port and starboard photographs of 15 January 2012 show a lighter blue, which Rosanoski does not expect to be significant.

NOLIS-SPA.

Tamgout’s earlier portside funnel is shown in a photograph downloaded in March 2011 and still recorded on 19 June 2012.

Tamgout’s portside photograph of 18 June 2013 shows the later version, the next posted photograph after the June 2012 view.

NOMADIC SHIPPING ASA.

Company photographs confirm the funnel, but the flag derives from a logo: its exact colours and use aboard ships are unconfirmed. One website funnel appears associated with a charter to Gustaf Erikson.

Rosanoski identifies the angled N in the FOTW image as incorrect.

NOMIKOS (LONDON) LTD.

An alternative uses red for the funnel’s cross and narrow stripes. It is recorded for Marietta Nomikos and King Theras, which Rosanoski thinks probably means King Theseus, and for several related titles. A later NJK notation says blue is correct.

Nomikos (London), formed in 1937, acted as manager, agent and owners’ representative. Its principals included Hellenic Star, Markos P. Nomikos, Perseus Hellenic, Madame Cadio G. Sigalas & Others, Theseus Shipping, Kinetron Investments and Petros M. Nomikos. Asimi Maritime and Compañia Naviera Ritalex used its address.

U.K., London.

PETROS M. NOMIKOS LTD.

Petros M. Nomikos appears in Lloyd’s 1963–64 and 1970–71, with Nomikos (London) as owners’ representative.

Greece, Piraeus.

MARKOS P. NOMIKOS.

Markos P. Nomikos shared the Nomikos Line trading name and London representation and management. Its Monrovia-based subsidiary Atlantian Shipping had a vessel launched but neither named nor traded during 1975–79.

Greece, Piraeus.

NOORDRIVER SHIPPING B.V.

The funnel follows a starboard photograph of Lieke taken on 24 February 2014.

NOORDZEE VEERDIENSTEN B.V.

NORTH SEA FERRIES LTD.

The British North Sea Ferries also used Nor names and managed or acted for the Dutch company. Lloyd’s 1992–93 describes it as merged into Noordzee, possibly referring only to the fleet, since another entry dates amalgamation into P&O North Sea Ferries Ltd. to 1997. P&O Ferries is listed as manager.

U.K., Kingston-upon-Hull and London.

Noordzee Veerdiensten

Formed in 1965 and also called North Sea Ferries, Noordzee was within the P&O group. Management included Hollandsche Stoomboot and, for part of the fleet, the British North Sea Ferries company; Noordzee itself managed for Hollandse Vrachtvaart and P&O. Its ships used Nor-prefixed names. Lloyd’s dates the P&O North Sea Ferries B.V. name to 1987.

Netherlands, Rotterdam and later Rozenburg; U.K., Kingston-upon-Hull and London are also listed.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NOR-CARGO SHIPPING A/S.

Nordvaer’s photograph of 14 July 2004 confirms the funnel and NOR CARGO hull lettering. Its sky-blue shade provides Rosanoski’s colour basis.

Skipet gives two Nord-Poolen flags, including a reversed-colour blue version with white arrows. Its hoist arrow points down and fly arrow up, unlike Brown. Because photographs support Brown’s funnel-arrow arrangement, Rosanoski favours the corresponding Brown flag while allowing that a blue-field version may have existed for an unknown purpose.

These funnels are shown concurrently for K/S Nor-Cargo and Nor-Cargo Holding. Skipet’s N657 flag logo differs slightly; Rosanoski interprets it as a combined nc shaped like a wave.

Nor Lines uses a red flag with a stylised white N matching the funnel. Nordkyn’s November 2008 photograph centres the logo on the red band, while Norvaer’s September 2007 view places it near the top; another Norvaer view has NOR LINES on the hull.

NOR-OBO SHIPPING A./S.

The white, black-topped funnel bears an angled N with red outer legs and a blue central stroke. The white flag repeats it above small black NOR-OBO. The source records the angle as “pbds”.

NORANDA ALUMINIUM HOLDING CORPORATION.

This funnel follows Bulk Cajun’s starboard photograph of 20 February 2014.

This version follows Bulk Patriot’s port photograph of 15 January 2012.

NORASIA SCHIFFAHRTS GMBH.

Brown’s blue flag has a white diamond framed black and a slanted black N with a narrow black outline separated from the letter by white. Rosanoski considers that incomplete: a funnel photograph and Nüsse’s table flag show the outline becoming shading on the appropriate sides.

Nüsse identifies the shaded-letter flag N179 with Norasia Shipping Services of Fribourg, presumed a subsidiary. In N180 the diamond’s inner frame and the redesigned N are blue; Nüsse assigns it to Norasia Services of Fribourg and shows a lighter blue field. Rosanoski reports no continued use of the old livery after the takeover, with owners’ funnels prevailing and CSAV flags shown at headquarters.

The website-based funnel enlarges the band and charge to clarify the letter. The letter appears upright, but the viewing angle may mislead.

Norasia Sun’s July 1994 funnel has a full-width diamond and the N of N60.

NORBULK LINE.

The white swallowtail has a border red above and blue below. A white ship’s wheel outlined black encloses a white N outlined red and a white B outlined blue. Both letters have white shading outlined black, except at the top of B. No funnel is noted.

NORBULK SHIPPING UK LTD.

Formed in 1982 as Norbulk Shipping Agencies, the company adopted Norbulk Shipping UK in 1991. It was owned by Bermuda’s Norbulk Shipping Co. and operated through Norbulk (Hellas) and Norbulk Shipping NB, the latter formed at Saint John, Canada, in 2003.

U.K., London, subsequently Glasgow.

NORBULK (HELLAS) S.A.

The funnel follows a Swift-Favour photograph dated 13 March 2005.

The Greek company began in 1994 as Mayflower Shipmanagement and became Norbulk (Hellas) in 2004. It is also described as a Norbulk UK–Eastwind joint venture, and was renamed Eastwind (Hellas) in 2006.

Greece, Piraeus.

NORDANE SHIPPING A/S.

NIELS CONRAD HANSEN.

Niels Conrad Hansen appears as manager in 1985–86. His association with Nordane is assumed from his name and the managed Stevns Hoj, rather than established.

Denmark, Svendborg.

NIELS CONRAD HØLJUND HANSEN.

The separately headed Niels Conrad Høljund Hansen appears under personal and partnership names from 1966–67 to 1996–97. By 1998 the tug Cape, or Cap, Stevns is under Stevns Charter & Towage.

Denmark, Thurø, subsequently Svendborg.

THH DENIZCILIK TICARET LTD. SIRKETI.

The Istanbul company was formed in 2005 with Diana Scan, formerly Stevns Pearly in this passage, through Stevns Pearl Ltd. Rosanoski suggests a connection with Nordane; by August 2006 the ship and registered owner appear under THH Shipping.

Turkey, Istanbul.

T.H.H. SHIPPING APS.

The website dates T.H.H. Shipping’s foundation as a broker to 1 September 1998 and its management work to 2003. Lloyd’s instead describes a 2005 rename from Tomchart. Its fleet included Nordane and Tomchart vessels and Wongobo Shipping’s Emba Soira, formerly Stevns Klint, with links to Stevns Charter & Towage. Thomas Højlund Hansen was on the chartering staff.

Denmark, Svendborg.

TOMCHART APS.

Tomchart appears with a single-ship company in 2004 and an operating company, THH Shipinvest II, in 2005–06. Its vessels were managed by T.H.H. Shipping and were listed under that company by August 2006.

Denmark, Svendborg.

Nordane Shipping

The source groups these businesses as apparently associated. Niels Højlund Hansen founded Nordane, whose registered shipping interests included Stevns Chartering, Stevns Line, Stevns Sea and Stevns Tramp. Stevns Charter & Towage is dated 1965 by the website but 1991 by Lloyd’s. By 2006 Nordane’s remaining tugs fell below Lloyd’s group tonnage threshold after Stevns Pearl became Diana Scan.

Denmark, Svendborg.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Nordane/Stevns

Photographs of Stevns Master, Stevns Klint and Stens Ocean show funnel-band widths from normal to very broad. The livery appears standard across Nordane ships registered to Stevns companies and presented together on the Stevns Charter & Towage website.

Mitchell uses dark blue, but Rosanoski cautions that a pen drawing may not establish a meaningful shade difference.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

T.H.H. Shipping

The T405 drawing enlarges the shield for clarity. It follows Diana Scan on 5 January 2006, still in Stevns Pearl colours while operated by T.H.H. Shipping.

The T406 shield is likewise enlarged. Anna Stevns appears bright green in an October 2004 photograph but dark green in a close-up, leaving the shade uncertain.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NORDATLANTISCHE DAMPFER-LINIEN-VERBAND.

The flag is vertically divided red and white, with a blue anchor crossed by a blue caduceus at the centre. Rosanoski presumes participants retained their own funnels; Hamburg-Amerika colours are shown here.

NAKOS (FOTW).

NORDCAPITAL HOLDING GMBH & CIE. K.G.

The company website supplies the flag. Funnels presumably followed managers’ or charterers’ colours.

NORDDEUTSCHE FLUSS DAMPFSCHIFFAHRTS GES.

The red pennant has a white border along two sides and white NFDG lettering.

NORDDEUTSCHE KOHLEN-UND COKES-WERKE A.G.

Rosanoski corrects the FOTW scan-based depiction against the cited source: the lettering is NK&CW, including the ampersand. Brown adds stops after the letters, absent elsewhere; Mitchell omits the ampersand. The flag derives from Blumenfeld’s, and its apparently oval centre might be more circular, as Brown shows. Marine News specifies only the funnel, leaving continued use of the Blumenfeld flag implicit; Massary explicitly gives the same livery. A question about a Haniel connection arose from similar colours, but Rosanoski found no supporting relationship.

Nordcoke’s monochrome photograph confirms N672 sufficiently for Rosanoski to reject N673, though fine details remain too small to distinguish.

NORDDEUTSCHE REEDEREI - BETEILIGUNGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH & CO. K.G.

The funnel, flag and logo come from the company website. The logo appears black but colour analysis gives dark blue.

Norddeutsche Reederei H.Schuldt GmbH & Co.K.G.

Northern Vitality’s starboard photograph of 19 April 2013 shows the Norddeutsche Reederei H. Schuldt emblem. The website retains the original Schuldt flag logo, leading Rosanoski to think the flag was probably still used, though he had not seen it flown.

NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD.

Norddeutscher Lloyd Frachtkontor Düsseldorf GmbH

Early houseflag

The early swallowtailed pennant is white with red stripes at the upper and lower edges, a double vertical chequer of twelve red and white squares at the hoist, beginning red at the upper hoist, and black N.D.Lloyd. The stripes match the squares’ width. Schneider’s N756 omits the stops that Rosanoski finds in the presumed Kludas source. Dates extend variously to 1866 or the early 1870s.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Published variant

Reed 1891 gives a blue flag with the crossed anchor and key between white NDLB. Rosanoski considers it suspect because no other source records it.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Houseflag

The familiar white flag has a blue anchor and key in saltire with an oak wreath, variously solid blue or blue-outlined. The key represents Bremen, the anchor the sea and the oak leaves traditional German power. Loughran dates adoption probably to 1870. Reed 1901 enlarges and shifts the emblem towards the hoist; Reed 1912 gives black charges. Brown 1958’s swallowtail is considered an error. A known 1897 armorial depiction differs in minor stylistic details from the later FOTW redraw.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Funnels

N342 is identified as the original funnel from 1858. Funnel-change dates conflict: Bonsor gives the later deep-buff treatment from 1881 on express steamers and 1889 fleet-wide, while Kludas’s account retains black until 1884, then light orange, described as yellow, first on fast steamers and later throughout. Bremen and Lindenstein photographs and Ships & The Sea support a dark buff shade.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Cargo-vessel funnels

A later light-orange funnel with black top is noted in the general account. N257 is assigned to some cargo ships by Talbot-Booth and to all cargo ships by Harnack; Donau is an example. Rosanoski suggests this cargo treatment ended around the Second World War.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Hapag-Lloyd transition

The merger-era accounts also differ. Kludas’s account dates Hapag’s yellow funnels from 1889 on fast steamers, 1900 on cabin passenger ships and 1909 on all ships, then says the merged company used NDL flag and funnel until 1972, introduced a blue logo on orange funnels that year and changed the flag in 1987. Former NDL seaman Wolf Spille instead describes the 1970 compromise as NDL flags with Hapag funnels, with cognac-yellow funnels and a stylised HL flag in 1986.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Commodore flags

The commodore flag is a white swallowtail with a black Iron Cross and central white disc bearing the company emblem in blue, based on the German naval flag. The small N755 reproduction substitutes a blue couped cross for the emblem, which Rosanoski says prompted a misunderstanding. Mertens’s cited flag for Commodore Leopold Ziegenbein appears all blue, including cross and emblem, and is described as awarded only once, in 1933. The differing evidence is retained.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

Düsseldorf freighting office

Flaggen auf dem Rhein 1952 gives a black-on-blue version for Norddeutscher Lloyd Frachtkontor Düsseldorf GmbH, apparently for inland navigation. Mertens describes the combined anchor, key and a laurel wreath. He had not established whether it still flew.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NORDFJORD SHIPPING A/S.

The flag is quartered blue and red, with a white diamond extending throughout and bearing a red N. The funnel is black with a broad yellow band carrying a panel of the flag.

NORDIC AMERICAN TANKER SHIPPING LTD.

The funnel follows Nordic Freedom photographed from port on 1 January 2006. A starboard photograph of 8 December 2009 shows a mirror image, with the American colours facing forward on both sides. JB also photographed the vessel at Botany Bay on 11 December 2009. A port-side photograph of Nordic Vega dated 22 May 2013 omits the black funnel top.

NORDIC CANADIAN SHIPPING LTD.

The company website displayed a moving flag image without a flagpole. FOTW published it under Nordic Canadian Lines; Rosanoski identifies the company as Nordic Canadian Shipping Ltd. He compares the related Nordic American Tanker Shipping logo, which substitutes American for Canadian colours at the hoist, but leaves open whether that stationary logo represents a flag, although it appears on funnels.

NORDIC HAMBURG SHIPMANAGEMENT GMBH & CO. K.G.

The funnel illustration follows a starboard photograph of Nordic Stani dated 29 July 2013.

NORDIC TANKERS A/S.

Photographs of Nordic Stockholm in May and July 2008 show what appears to be the earliest photographed funnel design. The starboard side mirrors the port side, with the comma’s point forward on both. The change to N834 occurred between 1 April 2009 and 18 July 2010; the archived website has a gap between 2007 and 2011.

Rosanoski considers apparent changes in the logo’s colour shades likely photographic effects. In poor light the comma on Nordic Nelly appeared black, but port and starboard photographs of Nordic Copenhagen show dark blue. The later starboard design is no longer a mirror image. A port-side photograph of Nordic Stockholm dated 22 July 2010 shows the flag flying.

This funnel version follows Nordic Stockholm photographed from port on 20 June 2013 and starboard on 31 August 2013.

NORDISCHE REEDEREI GMBH.

The flag modifies the Schleswig-Holstein triband by widening the white stripe and placing a black capital N at its centre. Flaggen & Schornsteine 1957 also assigns the livery to A.H. Schwedersky Nachfolger. Schneider supplied an illustration under each attribution.

NORDISCHE REEDEREIGESELLSCHAFT "JACOB" MBH & CO. PRODUKTEN-CARRIER K.G.

The FOTW illustration follows Brown 1995. Rosanoski also records the same flag, with a thinner saltire, for NothMan GmbH, apparently Ernst Jacob’s crewing subsidiary.

NORDISCHER BERGUNGS-VEREIN.

NORDISKE TELEGRAFSELSKAB.

The funnel, recorded for Store Nordiske, is yellow or buff with a black top; the NJK collection describes it as basically cream. No flag is recorded.

NORDSEE TOURISTIK.

The flag has diagonal quarters of blue and white, with blue N and T respectively on the white quarters. Rosanoski takes the colour shades from the website image. No funnel is given.

NORDSEELINIE DAMPFSCHIFFS-GESELLSCHAFT MBH.

Schneider’s account of a poster in Hamburgmuseum describes quarters of green at the upper hoist, red at the lower fly and white, overlaid by a full-height white oval edged green and containing a green capital B. The ships had yellow funnels with black tops. He understood the company to have run a Hamburg–Nordeney–Borkum–Helgoland mail service early in the twentieth century.

Mathies’s black-and-white illustration differs from the museum poster. Assuming conventional heraldic hatching, Rosanoski reads the B as blue and the oval as a ring. The ring appears black, but the small illustration could not show a colour hatching clearly; Mathies provides no hatching key.

Lloyds 1904 gives Nordseelinie diagonal green and red quarters with a white oval bearing a red representation of the Hamburg castle.

NORDSTRAND MARITIME & TRADING CO. LTD.

A port-side photograph of Ocala dated 22 June 2012 supplies the funnel. On the table flag, the upper of three p-like figures lies over the black trident haft and has a black background; at the same position on the funnel its background is blue, with the black haft showing only at the bottom p.

The starboard photograph of Celia shows a slightly different version: the N is more buff, the upper p-like figure shows the blue field, and the bottom of the second figure appears below and under the trident shaft.

Leyden photographed from starboard on 28 July 2008 carries a green funnel base and pale-yellow emblem. There may be narrow white edging to the emblem, but the photograph is too distant to determine it. The reason for the green base is unknown; by 6 August 2010 it had changed to the N183 version.

NORDSTRÖM & THULIN A/B.

Published flags vary in the thickness and spacing of the letters. Brown 1951 and 1958 show thin letters, while the 1982 and 1995 editions show larger, heavier ones. Rosanoski doubts these constitute real variants and suspects Bryggan reused Brown illustrations; he prefers Nüsse’s table flag as evidence. Brown 1958 assigns the colours to P.G. Thulin.

The Gotlandslinjen funnel follows a line drawing of Nord Gotlandia, given as 14900/1981.

Scandinavian Oil Tanks

This funnel is assigned to Scandinavian Oil Tanks without further detail.

NORDTANK SHIPPING A/S.

The funnel is based on the emblem on the company building. Mitchell shows a less detailed and slightly different version, presumed to represent the same emblem, and also a more detailed blue outline on a white panel. Rosanoski cautions that this panel may illustrate the emblem rather than a flag. Mitchell places NORDTANK SHIPPING beneath it in a single light-blue line, unlike the building lettering. The funnel appears to derive from Nordstar, but the tonnage and year in Mitchell differ from Lloyds’ identification.

P/R Candy

Mitchell places this funnel for Candy I, given as 961/1964, on the Nordtank card, suggesting a possible connection with P/R Candy of Middelfart. The connection remains unconfirmed.

NORFIELD OFFSHORE A/S.

The funnel follows Reflect Resolution photographed on 3 September 2010. The N in the company logo appeared bluish on one screen and greenish on another; in the ship photograph Rosanoski reads and scans it as black.

NORFOLK & NORTH AMERICAN STEAM SHIPPING CO. LTD.

Lloyds 1912 gives the company the Furness, Withy livery, following the earlier livery recorded in Lloyds 1904.

NORFOLK & SOUTHERN STEAMSHIP CO.

NORFOLK ISLAND SHIPPING LINE PTY. LTD.

The tree in the funnel marking is a Norfolk Island pine.

NORFOLK ISLAND SHIPPING.

The funnel follows Norfolk Guardian. A black panel is attached to the band; apparent grey in the earlier photograph may be faded black. A starboard photograph dated 26 March 2010 confirms black, with the panel still attached. Above the shield, ornate white script reads Norfolk Island Shipping; below it, ordinary white lettering reads M.V. NORFOLK GUARDIAN.

NORFOLK LINE B.V.

The flag is documented by a photograph on the company website. Ship photographs show the Maersk funnel.

NORFOLK WHALING CO. LTD.

NORGREEK SHIPPING CO. LTD.

The funnel recorded on Hilde Manita in March 1967 is yellow or buff, with a broad white band edged red above and below and bearing a red star. No flag is recorded.

NORMAN & NILSSON.

The Collectors Corner cap badge gives a white flag with a blue circle containing gold N&N. The ampersand is shorter, and the outer strokes of the two Ns curve with the circle.

NORMAN INTERNATIONAL A/S.

Nüsse supplies the table flag. Mitchell’s principal funnel drawing is a black-and-white outline incorporating an M within an open-topped panel, with two wavy lines or chevrons below. He also associates it with Kloster Rederi, but Rosanoski observes that neither name fits the M.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

Mitchell places this illustration, also recorded as Unidentified 172, on the Norman card without references. The only listed vessel without Norman as its first name is Happy Norness, which bore that name from 1988 to 1991; the source does not establish a definite image-to-vessel identification.

Exact company/vessel unresolved; source explicitly documents unidentified context.

NORMANDY FERRIES LTD.

The blue flag bears a shield diagonally divided yellow and red, described in the original as Pbds. A black wyvern on the yellow faces the fly, and a black lion passant on the red faces the hoist, representing Wessex and Normandy respectively. The blue funnel has a black top and the same shield. Loughran specifies light blue for the funnel, which Rosanoski assumes also applies to the flag. Loughran’s upper shield is orange and Brown’s yellow; N148 uses gold as a compromise. P&O Ferries livery was adopted on absorption.

NORSCOT SHIPPING CO. LTD.

The US Navy illustration shows a flapping flag panel on the funnel.

NORSE MERCHANT GROUP LTD.

The funnel follows port and starboard photographs of Brave Merchant. The starboard design mirrors the port-side one, as in the logo, so the pennants face forward on both sides.

NORSK HYDRO ASA.

H110 is blue with a white Viking ship at the upper hoist; H111 places it more centrally. A company photograph dated 15 March 2002 shows the H111 design on flags Rosanoski considers not intended for sea use.

Mitchell shows N504 in addition to H112 under a different name, noting Hydroship as an associate. N505 appears to represent Nordslandfjord, listed under Hydroship in Lloyds 1978–79.

Norsk Hydro-elektrisk Kvælstofaktieselskab was founded on 2 December 1905 to use Norwegian hydroelectric power in mineral-fertiliser production. It became Norsk Hydro ASA in 1971 and adopted Hydro as its general short name in 1993. Hydro Agri sold its ship agencies to Barwill in 2002 and was demerged as Yara International in March 2004. The Norwegian Government held 41% in the cited 2003–05 registers. Hydro subsequently combined its petroleum business with Statoil in 2007 and concentrated on aluminium.

Norway, Oslo.

HYDROGAS SHIP A/S.

Hydrogas III and Yaragas I photographs show plain black funnels but differing hull logos. The former has HYDRO beneath the Viking ship on blue, beside white HYDROGAS on orange or red. The later example has YARA on the blue panel and black YARA on the hull. Rosanoski suspects a transfer to Yara, but finds the vessel position unclear: they are not named in Yara’s BW Gas sale and still appear under Hydrogas Ship in April 2006.

Hydrogas Ship was formed in 1989. The register sequence changes the vessels’ Hydrogas names to Yaragas names after December 2004, although the next cited edition is written 4/1005.

Norway, Oslo.

Hydros Tankships / Hydroship shipping operation

Hydroship Services A/S

The shipping arm was formed in 1949 as Hydros Tankships and became Hydroship in 1976; Hydrotank was an alias. Rosanoski questions Loughran’s claim that Hydros became Norsk Hydro, reading it instead as the parent’s shipping subsidiary. Hydroship Services appears under both its own and its parent’s entries in 2004. A separate Hydroship name company formed in 1998 became Yaraship in 2004. Related operations included Norsk Hydro Produksjon, formed in 1986; Hydrogas, later Hydrogas Ship; and P/R Nordship, formed at Stabekk in 1985.

Norway, Oslo, later Porsgrunn.

Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.

NORSK OLJE A/S.

NORSUL INTERNACIONAL S.A.

The outer bands appear greyish green in the website image.

NORTH ATLANTIC & GULF STEAMSHIP CO. INC.

Brown leaves the relative widths of the funnel bands unclear; the US Navy illustration makes them equal.

NORTH BRITISH RAILWAY CO.

This livery formed the basis of the Scottish services’ colours after the merger.

A postcard labelled North British Railway shows a red pennant with a black thistle on a white, black-edged ogival shield. A red pennant with a thistle on a white shield is also documented as the original flag of the London & North Eastern Railway’s Scottish Services.

NORTH COAST PASTORAL & DAIRYING CO. LTD.

NORTH COAST STEAM NAVIGATION CO. LTD.

Some versions show the mark beneath the o as a dot. The FOTW flag follows Brown 1926.

The basis of this funnel is unclear. Rosanoski presumes a connection with Mitchell’s Bangalow drawing, but that drawing shows a black funnel.

NORTH COAST TUG & LIGHTERAGE CO. PTY.LTD.

NORTH COAST WHALING PTY. LTD.

NORTH DEVON STEAMSHIP CO. LTD.

The funnel is black with a broad blue band bearing a block white S. No flag is recorded.

NORTH EAST TOWING LTD.

NORTH LANCASHIRE STEAM NAVIGATION CO.

The livery is dated 1844–70. The flag is described as red with a white St George’s cross and a central green three-leaved shamrock, interpreted in the source as representing England–Ireland transport. Funnels were black with a white band; Haws specifies a thin band three-quarters of the funnel diameter below the top. The livery changed in 1870 when the railway companies could own vessels.

Rosanoski questions why Lloyds 1882 shows this livery when Haws appears to end the company in 1874, and why Haws does not mention the variant.

NORTH PACIFIC STEAMSHIP CO.

Lloyds 1904 gives the blue version for the Eureka company; it also appears on an early-twentieth-century timetable covering American ports and on a letterhead dated about 1900. McMillan notes a resemblance to Great Northern’s flag with a white saltire, but expressly treats a corporate connection as speculation.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

Two German sources present versions of a chevron flag. Compared with the FOTW version, the Brockhaus 1902 plate has a wider, less sharply angled chevron whose top does not touch the flag’s upper edge. Brockhaus identifies North Pacific Steamship of Hong-kong. Rosanoski warns that these flags may therefore belong to an entirely different company from the American West Coast operator.

No inferred Great Northern or US-company relationship.

NORTH TUGZ LTD.

A photograph of Bream Bay shows a black oblong with white NORTH above red Tugz. The T is the same height as the other letters.

NORTH WESTERN SHIPPING & TOWAGE CO. PTY. LTD.

The funnel follows Campbell Cove. The same livery is recorded on managed vessels Anson, of Electrolytic Zinc, and Mirembeena, for the Tasmanian State Government.

NORTH WESTLAND SHIPPING CO. LTD.

The Log depicts a red pennant with white NWSC letters.

NORTH-WESTERN SHIPPING JOINT STOCK CO.

A pennant was authorised by decree on 29 August 1924, without further detail in the cited note. Lomantsov recalls SZRP rather than SSSR on photographs and in magazines of the 1970s, believed the design dated from the 1920s, and thought it continued into the 1990s. Heimer suggests SSSR may have been an erroneous reading rather than a genuine variant. FOTW subsequently replaced the earlier illustration with N582.

This flag bears the Cyrillic letters СЗРП.

Mitchell places the symbol only on the blue band, making it appear small and cramped. A black band defines the Russian tricolour; the symbol’s blue shade is unclear.

Mitchell’s version apparently follows Amur 2507, given as 3086/1985, alongside the Russian tricolour as ensign.

Skulptor Anikushin of North-Western Fleet shows the standard Russian funnel without the logo; Rosanoski suggests the logo had not yet been applied.

STK 1003 photographed on 24 August 1996 appears to have a dark-blue panel, but the distant view leaves the symbol’s shade unclear.

The main version follows Amur 2510 on 23 July 2006. Sheksna photographed from starboard on 21 September 2010 shows a version without the black top, while Amur 2520 on 17 June 1995 has a solid black symbol. Both Amur vessels belonged to North-Western Fleet.

This funnel follows Alexander Kuprin photographed in March 2007.

This version follows Valentin Pikul photographed on 30 July 2004.

NORTH-YAKUTIAN STEAMSHIP CO.

Lomantsov dates the flag to 1932–53. Crossed anchors occupy the centre, with СЯРП above and ГУСМП below. The inscriptions are transliterated S.Ya.R.P., the company abbreviation, and G.U.S.M.P., Main department of North Sea Ways. The later illustration enlarges the Cyrillic lettering.

NORTHERN CHARTERING A/B O/Y.

NORTHERN LINES INC.

NORTHERN NAVIGATION CO. LTD.

NORTHERN SEAFOODS PTY. LTD.

NORTHERN STEAM SHIP CO. LTD. (1)

The Auckland flag is blue with a white saltire between red NSSCo letters, the o raised.

Alex MacGregor, also given as Captain Alexander McGregor, formed the Auckland company on 11 May 1881 to take over Auckland Steam Packet’s fleet and trade. The latter apparently followed Auckland & Thames Steam Packet, formed in March 1870 and reorganised in 1872; Auckland Steam Packet wound up at the end of 1877. Northern acquired Settlers’ Steam Ship in 1908 and absorbed Kaipara in 1943. Sea Breezes describes Kaipara returning to shipowning with Onehunga in 1962, but Lloyds 1963–64 places Northern’s whole fleet under Kaipara and later registers Onehunga under Fletcher Industries. Trading ended with Dido’s arrival at Whangarei on 8 December 1974. Fleet sale and liquidation were announced in April 1975, the last vessel was sold in May 1976, and a solvent voluntary-liquidation resolution followed on 1 October 1984. A later namesake derived from a company registered in 1996 and renamed in 2002; it was struck off in 2004 and restored in 2005.

New Zealand, Auckland.

NORTHERN STEAM SHIP CO. LTD. (2)

Lloyds gives the same livery for the Danish–Russian Steamship company under P. Mörch at Copenhagen. Reed 1912 shows a narrow cross paty.

The Russian company owned Graf Stroganoff from construction in 1903 until sale in 1906. Iwan Asbeleff is also recorded under Northern Steamship of Great Britain when seized by Britain in 1918. Poul Mørch managed the company in 1899, followed by A.P. Møller, alongside the Danish Russian Steamship company in which Møller invested.

Russia, St. Petersburg, later Petrograd.

NORTHERN STEAM SHIP CO. LTD. (3).

The Newcastle company was formed in 1900, owned and managed by G.N. Patterson. Its ships had names ending in well; the last was sold and the company closed in 1915.

UK, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

G.N.Patterson & Co.

NORTHERN TRANSPORTATION CO. LTD.

The flag is red with a white circular symbol resembling an e. No funnel is given.

NORTHERN TRAWLERS LTD.

The flag is a black pennant with a blue border and blue N. No funnel is given.

NORTHERN UNION STEAMBOAT CO. LTD.

The flag is white with a red cross and black NUSCo. lettering.

NORTHERN WAIROA CO-OPERATIVE DAIRY CO. LTD.

The flag is white with a blue cross between red NWDCo letters in Rosanoski’s combined account of Sea Breezes and The Log. The black-and-white Sea Breezes illustration alone does not specify the lettering colour.

NORTHLAND NAVIGATION CO. LTD.

A cap badge supports the flag design. Nelson’s FOTW image has proportions of 409:216, whereas the badge appears to show ordinary flag proportions; Rosanoski records no original source for Nelson’s drawing.

Northland Harbour Board

The later buff funnel is described as changing W to N on the transition from Whangarei to Northland Harbour Board, with the same uncertainty over blue. Rosanoski notes that this apparently logical succession disagrees with the Lloyds entries.

Whangarei Harbour Board

The source does not specify the blue shade, only that the letters match the band. Rosanoski envisages light blue from Northland rugby colours and the current logo, but does not establish it from the historical funnel evidence.

NORTHSEA BASE INVESTMENTS LTD.

Ice Base retained Interorient colours after the management change, replacing them between 1 March and 16 October 2010. An initial suggestion that the new colours belonged to B. Endeavour Shipping remained provisional; Scorpio’s website used Baltic Endeavour Shipping, possibly explaining the abbreviated B. A port-side photograph dated 16 May 2012 appears to show a light-grey funnel and a dark-grey star, neither shade certain, with a small blue central circle containing a white design, possibly a six-pointed star.

Baltic Marshall used Interorient colours until at least 26 February 2009, a plain yellow funnel by 8 August 2009, and the later emblem by 7 May 2011. N802 follows a starboard photograph dated 18 June 2012. Its management change to Scorpio in May 2009 explains the removal of Interorient’s mark, but not the later emblem. Davidships thought the Baltic Marshall, Merchant, Force and Faith sisters acquired it on transfer from the Norient Product Pool to Scorpio’s Handymax pool. Mcole recalled the emblem identified as Northsea Base Investments on Scorpio’s subsequently removed pool-partners page.

NORTHWEST SHIPPING LINES & AGENCIES.

The funnel is grey with a white band bearing a red hibiscus and a square C formed from straight red, white and black lines. Rosanoski takes red for the hibiscus from the written description, although the hatching indicates blue. No flag is given.

NORTHWESTERN STEAMSHIP CO.

The FOTW flag follows the 1909 update to Flaggenbuch 1905. McMillan notes features resembling Great Northern’s flag, as with North Pacific’s 1912 flag; this is a design comparison, not proof of a corporate relationship.

NORTHWOOD (FAREHAM) LTD.

The funnel follows Norleader photographed from starboard on 26 October 1988. Mitchell shows a wider gap between the two white bands.

NORTON LINE.

NORVAG SHIPPING A/S.

The red flag has a narrow blue horizontal band edged white above and below, overlaid by an undefined white circle bearing a red N. The red funnel similarly carries a blue band edged white and an overall white circle with red N.

NORWAY LINE A/S.

The funnel is supplied by Mitchell; the accompanying flag is derived from the funnel rather than separately documented.

NORWEGIAN SPECIALISED AUTO CARRIERS.

The white flag bears a blue circle containing a white lower-case n which nearly fills it. The black funnel carries the same blue circle and white n.

NOTO ZENKICHI.

The flag comes from a 1902 chart republished in Fune to Hata in 1994; the funnel comes from a 1901 chart.

NOVA STAR CRUISES LTD.

The funnel follows a port-side photograph of Nova Star dated 4 March 2014. Rosanoski reads dark blue in the newspaper photograph, though the other image appears black on his monitor.

NOVOCASTRIA SHIPPING CO. LTD.

The flag is white with two narrow blue horizontal bands towards the top and bottom and a blue cross paty between them. The black funnel carries a broad band of the flag design.

NOVOKLAV INC.

The funnel follows a photograph of an unidentified vessel; the table flag appears in both Nüsse websites.

NOVOROSSIYSK SHIPPING CO.

The white flag has nearly horizontal blue-white-blue stripes at the top and bottom, with a central knot-like blue-and-red device, compared by Candeias to the FIAV symbol; the blue is light. The funnel follows Taganrog at Wellington on 26 August 1998, with later photographs confirming both sides. The starboard design mirrors the port side so the curved red element points forward on each. The white band almost meets the black top at the front on Tilhoretsk and reaches it before the front on Moscow University; Twemryuk shows the normal arrangement.

Mitchell also assigns the SCF Group funnel to Novoship.

Documentary images — company attribution uncertain

Mitchell does not name the user of these colours; Rosanoski assumes the subsidiary Intrigue Shipping.

Exact mark allocation unverified.

Noås Nordmuddring A/B

Bure’s port funnel in November 1993 and Leam’s starboard funnel in June 2006 show the same emblem orientation, while Starkoddle’s starboard view mirrors it, placing the L-shaped element aft. Hallsta’s flag on 8 May 2006 has a dark, apparently black field and red logo without the L. Light through the cloth leaves its precise field shade uncertain.

Leam’s photograph of 2 April 2007 confirms a black flag with the full logo, including L towards the fly. Its port funnel, compared with the earlier starboard view, places L forward on both sides, unlike other vessels with L aft. The two flag observations therefore suggest either coexisting versions or a change; no definite sequence is established.

NS UNITED KAIUN KAISHA LTD.

The combined fleet appears initially to have retained its old colours. Diamond Orchid, added after the merger on 1 August 2011, supplies the funnel in a Botany Bay photograph dated 4 November 2011. A port-side photograph of NSS Grandeur at Newcastle on 24 September 2012 shows the flag flying.

NSC HOLDING GMBH & CIE. K.G.

The flag has very light blue above very dark blue, separated by a white line, with a white five-pointed star at the upper hoist and white NSC at the lower fly. Schneider saw it at Hamburg Neumühlen on 11 May 2012. The funnel follows Pescara at Botany Bay on 27 June 2012. Andino shows a lighter or sky-blue top and an emblem panel on the superstructure.

Algarrobo’s earlier photographs show a square flag panel on the funnel’s after face and an angled-sided panel on the side superstructure, while the small funnel area itself is plain white. By the starboard photograph of 24 April 2013, the aft panel has gone, a rectangular panel with slanted letters appears on the funnel’s side, and a narrow black top has been added. The angled-sided superstructure panel remains.

This funnel follows Fernando photographed from port on 18 February 2014.

NUEVA MONTAÑA S.A.

NUVAMAR S.A.

The funnel is recorded for Nuvamench.

NYKCOOL A.B.

The name and logo changed, but the funnel remained unchanged, as shown by Belgian Reefer photographed from starboard on 6 September 2009. Nüsse’s table flag appears to use a lighter blue than the funnel logo.

ÅNGBÅTS A/B FERM.

Lloyd Reedereiflaggen shows the F reading normally on the reverse, suggesting a double-sided flag. Some 1930s sources list the livery under Axel Broström & Son. The 1942 and 1944 works show the F177 and F178 funnels as alternatives, while Ships & The Sea 1938 says the bands between the red on F178 should be blue, corresponding to F177. Jordan implies blue bands without naming them.

Ships & The Sea 1936 gives this as an alternative. Merchant Ships 1949 also assigns it to Angfartygs A/B Tirfing and places both companies under T.E.J. Broström Son, although Lloyds supports that management only for Ferm.

No flag accompanies this funnel in the source; Rosanoski assumes the company flag applies.

ÅNGBÅTS A/B KALMARSUND.

The early colours are noted for Kalmar, bought in 1921. Jarig Bakker’s FOTW rendering has yellow six-pointed stars; the indistinct Bryggan image appears to have five points.

Talbot-Booth 1937 and Ships & The Sea 1938 show a blue tower. Rosanoski notes the difficulty of portraying the detailed device at small size.

US Navy 1961 instead has a red castle with two outer towers, each surmounted by a yellow five-pointed star. The shield’s red border carries 22 white stars on the flag, but none on the funnel border.

The later flag is blue with a broad yellow horizontal band bearing a blue logo, apparently a stylised K. Collectors Corner labels a cap badge Type II Kihlship; Rosanoski’s badge note describes narrow shield edging without visible stars and an area appearing dark grey rather than white. Nüsse received table flags as Swedish Gulf Line Shipping, most recently in 1993, and vessel photographs showed the logo. A Kalmarsund letter of 9 January 1979 confirms that its letterhead showed the house flag and almost identical funnel mark. The funnel was reported on Cora in June 1976; Fenris in April 1981 had a lighter blue, black top and bands arranged as on the flag.

K259 is retained from the Mitchell collection.

ÅNGFARTYGS AKTIEBOLAGET KARIN.

The flag was a white swallowtail with a blue K, recorded by Lloyds in 1904 and 1912, the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce sheet of 1909 and Reed 1912. The two source variants remain together.

ÅNGFARTYGS AKTTIEBOLAGET KJELL.

US Navy 1961 shows a white flag with a blue K towards the hoist. Rosanoski suggests this placement may indicate an intended swallowtail.

The Collectors Corner cap badge shows a swallowtail like that of Ångfartygs A/B Karin.

“NEREIDE” SOCIETÀ PER AZIONI DI NAVIGAZIONE.

Polinice is recorded with a blue funnel and black top separated by a white band. Below the band is a white circle containing a dark-blue N, originally reported as red. No flag is recorded.

“NOVA GENUENSIS” S.P.A. PER L’INDUSTRIA ED IL COMMERCIO MARITTIMO.

The flag is quartered red, white, white and blue. The first quarter bears a blue cross; the fourth is voided white and bears a red cross throughout. The funnel is black with a broad orange band, although Talbot-Booth 1936 shows the band red.