J

The amalgamation of J & A Brown and Abermain Seaham Collieries was registered on 19 January 1931. It absorbed Wallarah Coal in 1957 and Jones Bros. Coal in 1965. Coal & Allied’s takeover is dated 5 October 1960, with the Coal & Allied Industries title recorded by 1977, although Lloyd’s retained the earlier name through 1980–81. By 1985–86 the vessels appeared under Coal & Allied Operations.

Australia, Sydney.

A long blue pennant with white “STEPHEN BROWN” is catalogued as a paying-off pennant. Jan Mertens doubts that description, and Rosanoski thinks it was more likely supplied after the 1954-built ship became an Australian Maritime College training vessel in 1983. Its excellent condition led him to doubt that it dated from her coal-trade service; the explanation remains conjectural.

James and Alexander Brown established the colliery and merchant business after the family emigrated to Australia. The biographical account gives arrival in 1842, work together from 1843, partnership by 1852 and shipping involvement by 1857; The Log instead gives 1839 arrival and the first vessel in 1861. James’s sons John and William succeeded them. John developed Newcastle and Sydney tug fleets, and after a dispute the partnership dissolved in November 1909 with him appointed manager and receiver. Following his death in 1930, the tug interests went to Waratah Tug & Salvage and the mining interests entered the 1931 Abermain Seaham amalgamation, with Trevor Brown a partner.

Australia, Newcastle.

J & J Daley is listed in 1917–18 and recorded operating in 1946. Accounts differ on its combination with Wallace: one places a merger of towing interests with James Wallace before the Second World War, followed by Fenwick’s acquisition of the family shares and inclusion in reconstituted Wallace Tugs. Another places the merger after 1946, with the Daley name retained, followed by separation and Fenwick’s share acquisition.

Australia, Sydney.

John Gardner founded J. Gardner & Co. in 1895; it became J. & A. Gardner in 1906. The group later included J. & A. Gardner & Co. (Management) and Gardner Shipping (Scotland), both at Glasgow. Ship names initially used the Ard prefix, later Saint as the first word.

UK, Glasgow.

J. & C. Harrison began operations in 1887; another account dates steamship ownership from 1888. It sold its ships in 1896, returned to ownership in 1905 and re-formed after the First World War as J. & C. Harrison (1920) Ltd. It apparently reverted to the original name by the 1930 source. On withdrawing from shipowning, it proposed the name Harrison Trust Ltd. and a future in non-shipping activities.

United Kingdom, London.

The company was operating by at least 1902.

UK, Grimsby.

Rosanoski tentatively identifies J. & H. Aaldring with H. Aaldring, listed in Lloyds 1973–4 under the manager Wagenborg Scheepvaart B.V. It was apparently a single-ship company for Avenir, recorded by Miramar Ship Index under this name from her construction in 1962 until sale in 1977, although Rosanoski did not find it in the earlier Lloyds volumes.

Netherlands, Rotterdam.

J. & H. Farnsworth began a ferry service between Queenscliff and Sorrento on Port Phillip Bay in 1953.

Australia, Melbourne.

Documentary material — company attribution not established

Advanport/Scotstoun allocation and Southern Shipping charter chronology remain open.

Ocean Ships 1967 gives D15 for Denholm Line Steamers, while Rosanoski directs comparison with Mitchell’s D267.

J. & J. Denholm began as a ship agency in 1866 and became a limited company in 1916. Accounts give entry into shipping in 1872 or purchase of the first vessel in 1873, with the first steamship in 1882. Six individual steamship companies were consolidated as Denholm Line Steamers Ltd., registered on 11 October 1909. Park Line appears to have been a trading name; park became a characteristic vessel-name ending, with Mount Park recorded in 1897. A Denholm Shipping Co. Ltd. was formed in Glasgow in 1919, while a later Lloyds entry dates a London company of that name to 1986.

The privately held Denholm Group remained controlled by John Denholm’s descendants, with shipping, logistics, seafood and industrial interests. It diversified into fishing in 1986. Barwill acquired 40% of Denholm Shipping Services in 2004, creating Denholm Barwill. A 2013 account records a 9% interest in Hadley Shipping. Rosanoski considers Lloyds’ placement of Denholm Line Steamers and Fishselling under Anglo-Eastern erroneous: only the ship-management division was involved, with Denholm retaining an Anglo-Eastern interest.

UK, Greenock and Glasgow.

Royal Mail Steam Packet acquired J. & P. Hutchison through Moss Steamship in 1919. Following the financial crisis, Hutchison and Moss merged in 1934 to form Moss Hutchison Line.

U.K.

John Batey began with a tug about 1840, probably as part-owner. He was involved with Montrose Steam Tug around 1862–1863 and a later Montrose partnership in the 1870s, whose identity and ownership are uncertain. His son Francis joined him as J. Batey & Son in 1874. The business became a limited company on 26 June 1906, and Frank Batey took control after Francis’s death in 1915. Operations merged with Lawson Steam Tug-Boat on 17 April 1920, the assets passing to Lawson-Batey Tugs and J. Batey & Son entering voluntary liquidation.

UK, Newcastle.

Incorporated on 24 March 1961 in sea and coastal water transport, the company principally provided boatmen’s services, recorded in 1977. J. Butcher was involved in Portsmouth Harbour Tours in 2005. The firm built the tug Guy James in 1995. A June 2013 comment reported that it was closing, with all vessels for sale.

UK, Portsmouth.

The flag is a version of that of Prentout-Leblond, Leroux & Cie. Brown 1951 and 1958 attributes the livery to operated company Compagnie des Affrêteurs Français. Pavillon lists it under Prentout-Leblond and shows a funnel-panel emblem differing from the flag.

Heuzey & Chastellain became J. Chastellain & Cie. in 1950 and ceased in 1967. It operated Compagnie des Affrêteurs Français and other companies.

France, Rouen.

J. Duthie, Sons & Co. operated sailing ships in the wool and tea trades.

U.K., Aberdeen and London.

Founded in 1883 and registered in Sydney on 23 March 1916, the tug company joined Brambles in the late 1960s or early 1970. It acquired J. & J. Daly. BHP Transport took over the Hay Point operation on 1 August 1992, and the Sydney business passed to Waratah Towage on 23 January 1996.

Fenwick and the Waratah/Adelaide Steamship group acquired Harbour Lighterage in equal shares from 1 April 1968, and Fenwick operated Newcastle Port Towage Services with Waratah. Its half-share in Wallace Tugs was bought by Adsteam in 1995. From the 1950s the tugs used Cove as their second name.

Australia, Sydney.

J. Hay & Co. built Benclutha in 1876 and sold her in 1880. Stuart and Overdale followed in 1877; Stuart was sold in 1883. The company owned Abbey Town in 1889–90.

UK, Liverpool.

Merchant Ships 1959 notes that some Everard ships carried the Hay funnel, while British Coastal Ships, Tugs & Trawlers 1975 indicates that the fleet was then in Everard colours. Rosanoski supposes that the Hay livery gradually disappeared after the takeover.

The Hay interests originated about 1862. J. Hay & Sons, representing the family’s coaster business, and J. & J. Hay, representing its “Puffers”, amalgamated in 1920. John Hay bought his first steamers in the 1890s. Another family connection, James Hay, left J. & J. Hay about 1880 and operated independently until financial difficulties in 1890. F.T. Everard & Sons took over in 1956, though the Hay company continued to appear in registers into the early 1980s.

Both original companies used names of races, creeds or tribes. By 1892 John Hay was using “The” followed by a title of nobility or government; Everard’s naming system followed the takeover.

UK, Glasgow.

Reckmann appears in Lloyds List of Shipowners 1963–64, but not in the 1970–71 edition consulted.

Germany.

J. Johannsen & Sohn appears in Lloyds from 1953–54, later as a tug operator and as J. Johannsen & Sohn Schleppschiffahrt. The management name is J. Johannsen & Sohn Seeschleppund Transport GmbH.

Germany, Lübeck.

Hans Peter Jost founded the Flensburg business in 1874. His brother Jens succeeded him in 1887 and brought Captain Jörgen Brink into partnership in 1903. After Jens died in 1908, Brink owned J. Jost; Brink’s death in 1911 led to management by Hans Wölffel for his widow Jenny. Otto Jost rebuilt after the Second World War, with Kurt Wölffel managing brokerage and agency. Bremer Schiffahrtskontor Brink & Co. was established in Bremen in 1950, while Brink & Wölffel continued cargo service from Flensburg. The company also acted for Amisia and HERA. The history says Bremen activities ended in 1961, but Lloyds continues the company record and its last ship Gratia was sold in 1977.

After the death of Otto’s son Jürgen in 1969, Otto allied with Atle Jebsen. Reorganisation in 1971 produced J. Jost GmbH and Jebsen Hamburg–J. Jost, the latter becoming Jebsen Hamburg–Kristian Jebsen in 1974. The business moved to Hamburg in 1975; Otto died in 1976. A later continuation is named Christian Jürgensen und Brink & Wölffel & Co. of Flensburg.

Germany; Flensburg and later Hamburg.

Later ships presumably wore charterers’ colours: Sleipner was photographed in July 2011 with the funnel of Containerships Ltd. O/Y.

The family’s shipping history began in April 1886 when Johann Kahrs bought a sailing barge. Heinrich bought another in 1891, while Johann’s other son, also Johann, began shipowning with a galeot in 1925. A third Johann joined his father in 1943 and his brother Hinrich followed in 1963. The fleet was chartered to Bell Lines for many years in the 1980s. Later websites used Johann Kahrs K.G. Ostetrans Schiffahrt and Ostetrans Schiffahrt GmbH & Co. K.G., apparently under Capt. Jan Kahrs; their fleet information was dated and incomplete. Stüwe & Co. handled chartering. Slidur was delivered to Reederei Jan Kahrs of Jork in January 2007 for charter as BG Dublin.

Lloyds records Johann and Hinrich separately. Johann appears under Johs. Thode from 1998 and under Marconsult & Thode in 2003, with Johann Kahrs K.G. and J. Kahrs among the forms used. Hinrich was based at Bremervörde in 1978–79, while J. Kahrs Bereederungs GmbH & Co. K.G. appears at Jork as manager in 2011–12.

Germany: Hamburg, later Stade, Estorf and Estorf-Grapel.

J. Laidlaw & Whitlock operated sailing ships in 1820.

USA, New York.

Documentary material — company attribution not established

J. Marr operated for Pegasus Trawling, The City Steam Fishing Company and Dinas Steam Trawling. A minority interest in CAM Shipping is also recorded.

UK, Hull and Fleetwood.

Sweden, Helsingborg.

Brown warns that the basic funnel or band colour may vary. The company website showed a flag flying from its building and a logo. Mitchell separately attributes P374 to Rederi A/B VäderöTank without comment; the Brown/FOTW image is referenced as P46.

J. S. Lee & Sons operated Coomonderry in the timber trade during 1921–47 and had a mill at Leesville, Tasmania, which closed in 1974. Rosanoski suggests identification with J.S. Lee & Sons (Melbourne) Pty. Ltd., registered in Victoria on 26 November 1926 and later named Marbut-Gunnersen Floors.

Australia, Melbourne.

The FOTW text describes a red W and cites Flaggenbuch 1905.

J. S. Winslow & Co. operated sailing schooners by 1884 and continued at least until 1918.

USA, Portland, Maine.

The firm operated sailing ships.

U.K., London.

The firm operated sailing ships.

U.K.

The Mitchell account dates J.T. Duncan’s coal-trade business to 1853, its last ship sale to 1963 and continuation as shipbrokers until sale of the company in 1978. Steam Coasters & Short Sea Traders instead begins the story in the 1890s and dates the last sales to the 1950s. Merchant Ships records steamship ownership from 1891, and Rosanoski suggests earlier sailing ships might explain the different starting dates. The coastal business managed Angus Duncan and J. Duncan steamship companies and operated Francis Duncan S.S. Co., formed in 1907.

U.K., Cardiff.

J. Van Bussel owned the tug Corrie from 1947 to 1950.

Netherlands, Maasbracht.

Mitchell’s version is based on the same vessel and shows the “U” green. Rosanoski suggests that other colour differences probably arise from the photographic sources.

Formed in 1992 as J. van Urk Jr, the company bought the renamed Roelof that year and sold her in 2005, under Kustvaartbedrijf Moerman management. Scheepvaartbedrijf R. van Urk later reused the ship name but not the livery. Rosanoski presumes a relationship, while noting that Lloyd’s continued the same formation date under a different number.

Netherlands, Kampen, specified as the vessel’s port of registry.

Recorded from the wartime merchant-ship books into Lloyd’s 1992–1993, Wharton was acquired by F.T. Everard & Sons in 1952. Everard later managed part of the fleet and then all of it. Ship names ended onia.

U.K.: Keadby, later Scunthorpe.

Jack Albert Billmeir formed Stanhope Steamship in 1934. The business was also known as Stan Line, with “Stanwell S.S. Co.” appearing in one index, and ships commonly had “Stan” names. It operated Stanhope, Lamorna Shipping and Duff, Herbert & Mitchell, the latter acquired in 1954. After Billmeir died on 22 December 1963, Stanhope was sold to George Nott Industries in 1964.

Whether that sale also included Billmeir is unclear. Rosanoski’s later account says Stanhope’s title was acquired around the 1980s as a shell company by Townsend Thorensen, becoming a registered ferry owner first in that company’s colours and then P&O’s, before absorption in the early 1990s. A listed association with Zubi Shipping is supported only by evidence of one or two pre-war ship transactions.

U.K., London.

J.A. Henschien & Co., also listed simply as J.A. Henschien, operated sailing ships.

Norway, Lillesand.

The earliest dated Margot photograph, July 1994, belongs to its later partnership and management period, so those variants are treated in that entry. Margaron’s earliest photograph, January 2001, is treated under TSA. Margita later used the same emblem in different colours, discussed under TSA and Chemveg.

John Algot Johansson joined Wilhelm Bertil Johansson and Torsten Henriksson in buying Nytank in June 1949. Following Henriksson’s death, the brothers acquired his share in January 1967 and formed Bunkertransporter, retaining the vessel until scrapping in 1987. The later tanker operation included Margot, Benida and Zephry under their respective owning arrangements.

Margot was bought in 1978 according to one source, or 1979 in Miramar, and continued carrying oil for the Lidingö margarine factory for which Sveabolaget had built it. The factory passed through Margarinbolaget to Unilever’s Van den Bergh business, and the trade ended with its closure. Margaron joined Johansson in 1984, presumably for the same trade. By 1988–89 both ships stood under named partnerships, Margot managed by K. Lundgren and Margaron still by Johansson. Both later came under TSA Tanker Shipping. The document gives conflicting Margot transfer dates, including 1988 and 1998, and a final sale in 2003.

Sweden, Gothenburg.

Brazil, Amazonas.

Documentary material — company attribution not established

The flag is red with a white lozenge that does not touch the edges, containing black serifed JR. It follows Jürgen Meyer’s account of Hamburg sailing ships.

This red version has a white lozenge reaching the edges and black serifed JR. The FOTW contributor was unsure of the caption’s spelling. See und Seefahrt attributes this livery to both J.A. Reinecke and the Bremen GmbH.

Brown’s versions give the J no sinister upper arm. A black-and-white photograph of Kapt. Jan Reinecke supports the funnel.

John Christian Dahlsen founded the company in 1877, initially supplying mining tools and later timber and hardware, and soon became a steamship owner. The late-1880s–1936 trading period appears to refer to shipping rather than the continuing family-owned merchandising business. Jane Louisa Dahlsen is listed in Lloyds 1917–18.

Australia, Bairnsdale.

J.C. Gilchrist traded on the Great Lakes.

USA, Cleveland.

Johannessen operated sailing ships and owned Inverdruie from 1896 to 1915.

Norway, Soon.

J.C.M. Block operated sailing ships in 1889–1897.

Germany, Hamburg.

J.D. Lauritzen appears as manager in the 1963–64 and 1970–71 registers, managing Concord Line and Rederiet Dania in the earlier account.

Denmark, Hellerup.

The company built Schwinge in 1977, renamed her Bremer Flagge in the same year and apparently sold her in 1995. It appears in Lloyds from 1978–9 through 1992–3. Rosanoski suggests from the livery that it may have become Gebrüder Ahrens K.G. in 1996.

Germany, Hamburg; subsequently Bützfleth.

J.E. Manne bought Ångfartygs A/B Heimdal in 1918 and reorganised it as Nya Ångfartygs A/B Heimdal, which lasted into the mid-1960s. Lloyds later lists it under Rudolf Hellberg at the same address, suggesting an unconfirmed connection. Manne also operated for Sven Olof Christensson in 1957–62.

Sweden, Gothenburg.

J.G. Roussos was formed on 1 February 1991 when George Roussos’ Sons S.A. split into two. Lloyds alternately listed it as manager and agent.

Greece, Piraeus; later Athens.

J.H. Barr was formed in 1995. A directory after 2010 still describes sea-chartering and general-cargo ownership, but Rosanoski considers that direct shipping involvement appears to have ended in 2005 with management of Ohlrogge Schiffahrts and Brake.

Germany, Brake.

U.K., Penzance.

The family reputedly flew a pirate flag presented by rivals in response to their unorthodox behaviour. After the sale, British Coastal Ships, Tugs & Trawlers records Alexandra Towing’s colours.

Alfred Lamey began a tug fleet in 1916, described as the Hero Tug Co. Another account gives J.H. Lamey from 1916 and incorporation as J.H. Lamey Ltd. on 25 May 1939. A separate account places James Lamey’s operations at New Ferry in the 1930s. The records use differing William Laney and Lamey forms. The tugs were mainly named after family members.

One account dates Alexandra Towing’s substantial share purchase to 1963 and acquisition of the remainder to 1967; other sources give the takeover as 1968 or 1969. Lamey appears under Alexandra’s operation by 1973–74 and the fleet had been absorbed by 1978–79. The company was renamed Alexandra Marine Consultancy on 18 December 1986 and dissolved on 1 October 1995.

UK, Liverpool.

The concern also used the name Gulf Transport Line.

U.K., Liverpool.

Schupp began buying ships in 1951 and is later recorded as owner and operator, then operator only in 1973–74. Vessel names included family names.

Germany, Hamburg.

No flag is noted.

Listed in 1970–71, J.J. Colocotronis & Others apparently succeeded the Josef Colocotronis entry of 1963–64. Colocotronis Ltd. is recorded as an associate.

Greece, Piraeus.

The business originated with Joseph Craig’s carrying enterprise in 1866. His son Joseph James succeeded him in 1885 and bought the sizeable sailing ship Notero in 1887. The firm moved into steam in 1910, had sold out of sail by 1916 and became limited in 1919. Shipping later dwindled to a few towing launches. A group of businessmen acquired a majority holding in 1942 and subsequently sold it to N.Z. Wallboards, a Winstone subsidiary; the company was integrated into Winstone in 1969.

Its interests included R.S. Lamb & Co. and James Smith & Co.

New Zealand, Auckland.

The family shipyard was founded in 1635 by Cartsen Sietas where the Este joins the Elbe. The First World War stopped construction, leaving repair work until coaster building resumed in 1933; its first container ship followed in 1966. The later group included crane builder Neuenfelder Maschinenfabrik, repair yard Nordenwerft and Neuenfelder Wohnungsgesellschaft. Hinrich Sietas handed management to Rüdiger Fuchs in 2009, becoming advisory-council chairman. After an insolvency filing and Hamburg Senate assistance in 2009, another insolvency petition followed on 18 November 2011.

Germany, Hamburg.

J.M. Guffey Petroleum was organised in 1901 to buy out the developers of the Spindletop oil well in Texas. Guffey held seven-fifteenths, with the Mellon family and associates holding the remainder. In 1907 William Mellon reorganised it and Gulf Refining into a single company, a forerunner of Gulf Oil Corporation.

USA, New York.

The group originated in 1892 as James Percy Knight’s Kaiser Steam Tug Co. P. H. P. Knight appears as operator in the 1950s. Howard Smith acquired J. P. Knight (Rochester), effective 21 June 1991, and renamed it Medway Towage; later records continue a separate J. P. Knight and group listing.

Caledonian Towage became Caledonian Towage & Marine Services in 1986 and J. P. Knight (Caledonian) in 1991. Other operating companies included J. P. Knight (Paranam) and the Offshore company, formed in 1991. The London company merged with Gaselee & Son (Towage) on 1 October 1966 as Gaselee & Knight, although Rosanoski suggests the arrangement may have been short-lived because Lloyds does not show it. Knight co-founded Orkney Towage with Orkney Islands Council in 1976. Fleet names began with K; London used Kings until taking over part of the other Knight fleet by 1992–93.

U.K., London, then London and Rochester, Rochester, and Chatham.

Also known as JPS, the company is dated to 1979 by Lloyds 1998, which names J.P. Samartzis as chairman, and to 1977 by Lloyds 2008, which names Ioannis P. Samartzis as president. It appears successively as operator, manager and agent in the registers; the 2008 account records a chartered fleet.

Greece, Piraeus.

Norway.

One flag is white with a blue border and blue star. LJC 1909 makes the border so broad that the flag is effectively blue with a white rectangle containing the star.

The other flag is red with a white triangle issuing from the fly and, on the red field, a horizontal white oval bearing black DeW lettering.

This sailing-vessel firm appears in LJC 1909 under C.E. De Wolf.

U.K., Liverpool.

Founded in 1947, J.R. Rix operated through its own and subsidiary companies. Rix Shipping Co. Ltd. was formed in 1950 and T & S Rix Ltd. in 1980, both at Hull. The company also managed Whitehaven Shipping Co. Ships generally had names ending in rix; Rosanoski therefore suggests that the managed companies were subsidiaries.

Robert Rix & Sons may have been connected, sharing the Hull base and rix naming suffix, although the liveries differed.

U.K., Hull.

The company is recorded for Lizzie Cory, built in 1890 and sold in 1904, and Katherine, built in 1904 and scuttled in 1917.

UK, West Hartlepool.

Lloyds lists J.T. Farsjö in 1963–64, whereas Stewart gives J.F. Farsjö. Both are placed in Oslo, and Rosanoski assumes they represent the same firm, preferring the Lloyds initials.

Norway, Oslo.

John William Alexander appears to have begun shipowning in February 1909 in his own name; vessels were registered to J.W. Alexander Ltd. from July 1910. One account presumes liquidation in 1918, but T. Martin remembered Bondi and Antarctic operating in the 1920s. In 1929 the fleet became part of Sydney Ferries/Harbour Land & Transport.

Australia, Sydney.

Jac. Salvesen is listed as a manager in the 1963–64 and 1966–67 registers.

Norway, Farsund.

Jackson Steamship is recorded in Lloyds 1963–64, with Suwannee Steamship as agent.

USA, Jacksonville FA, as written in the source.

The business was formed in 1876 and acquired in 1985 by Cark Henrik Odfjell, as named in the source. It may be the J. Christensen operating Act. D/S Hercules in 1904. Later register forms include Jacob Christensen Rederiet and Rederiet Jacob Christensen. Brown 1943 links it with County Line, but Rosanoski says the other sources do not include Christensen in that consortium.

Norway, Bergen.

The business originated in Ths. S. Falck, founded by Thomas S. Falck in 1862. His son Christian Fredrik succeeded him in 1889. Shipowning was dropped after the First World War, but wholesale trading and shipping agency continued. Jacob Falck took control in 1936; his son, named Thomas S. Fack in the source, became co-owner in 1953. Jacob died in 1980. Thomas S. Falck Jr became co-owner in 1983 of the concern then styled Jacob Falck ANS, and Falck Shipping A/S was formed in 1984. Both continued in shipping agency.

Norway, Stavanger.

Jacob Kjøde managed A/S Inger, Johan Horns Rederi and Norwegian Talc, the last only partly by 1970–71. The records span the 1939 fleet account and later registers through 1978–79.

Norway, Bergen.

Jacob Natvig managed the fleet of Ragnar Natvig & Co., apparently a subsidiary.

Norway, Oslo.

Skipet dates the company to 1938–87, though Lloyds already lists Jacob Odland & Sön in 1937–38. Jacob Odland appears as operator of Dampsk. A/S Produce in Jordan, and later registers distinguish Jacob Odland S.S. and Jacob Odland & Son. Anna Odland appears to have been the last ship, sold in 1975. A separate family account says descendants still ran the business in 1996, differing from the 1987 discontinuation date.

Norway, Haugesund.

The family business dates its establishment to 1954, while Lloyds gives 1955 as Jaczon N.V. Vess Maats. It subsequently became Jaczon Rederij en Haringhandel B.V. and adopted Jaczon B.V. in 1997. The later website redirected to Cornelis Vrolijc, which described Jaczon as a subsidiary.

Netherlands, Scheveningen (’s Gravenhage).

Established on 20 January 1947 following nationalisation of Jadranska Plovidba, the company mainly operated passenger ferries. It was known as Adriatic Line and informally Jadrolinija before formally adopting Jadrolinija in 1991. Intermediate register forms include Jadrolinja P.O. and Javno Poduzece Jadrolinja P.O. It also acted as agent for Mid-Adriatic Shipping & Trading.

Yugoslavia; Rijeka, Split in Lloyds 1978–79, and Rijeka again in 1985–86.

Jadranska Plovidba, or Adriatic Navigation Co., was formed in 1922 by combining Austro-Hrvatsko Parobrodarsko Društvo na Dionice, Dalmatia d.p.d., Hrvatsko Parobrodarsko Društvo, Obalna Parobrodarsko Plovidba S.O.J. and Oceania Brodarsko a.d. FOTW also traces origins to the Ungaro-Croata company. It operated sixty-seven steamships in Adriatic coastal service and began tourist cruises in 1934. Nationalisation in 1947 led to succession by Jadranska Linijska Plovidba, later Jadrolinija. A further claim of privatisation in the 1990s is unclear: Rosanoski suggests it may refer to Jadrolinija rather than the earlier company.

Yugoslavia, Susak and later Rijeka; FOTW and FAME place the entry under Croatia.

Established in Rijeka in 1947, Jadranska Slobodna Plovidba moved to Split in 1956 and incorporated Opća plovidba in 1962. It specialised in cargo transport and was also known as Adriatic Tramp Shipping, Jadroslobodna and JSP Line. Mid Adriatic Shipping & Trading is recorded as a subsidiary and managed company, and Maritenia Shipping as an operated company. In 1992 it became Jadroplov International Maritime Transport.

Yugoslavia; Rijeka, then Split.

Jadrolinija formally adopted its familiar short name in 1991, replacing Jadranska Linijska Plovidba, also known as Adriatic Line. Lloyds initially used Jadrolinja P.O. and Javno Poduzece Jadrolinja P.O. The company was organised as a joint-stock company in 1996 and remained controlled by the Croatian government. Jadrolinija Cruises, formed in Rijeka in 1991, appears as an operating company until its later deletion from the register.

Croatia, Rijeka.

The predecessor used a black flag with a red star on a white diamond.

Jadranska Slobodna Plovidba adopted the Jadroplov International Maritime Transport name in 1992; the source heading and one historical passage spell it Jadropov. Also recorded as Jadroplov d.d. and Adriatic Australia Line, it was controlled by the Croatian government. Its cargo-shipping predecessor was founded in Rijeka in 1947, moved to Split in 1956 and incorporated Opca plovidba in 1962. It apparently took over Mid Adriatic Shipping and Trading’s fleet. Operating interests included Split Ship Management and Valetta Mediterranean Shipping, formed in 1992 with bases in Hamrun and Rijeka.

Croatia, Split.

Jaguar Shipping built Jaguar, IMO 9613628, under a contract signed in 2010. Shipowners Support is listed as ISM manager by Equasis and owner by Shipspotting. The vessel appears in Amasus Shipping’s fleet, but Rosanoski is unsure whether this denotes a corporate link or only a shipbuilding association.

The business appears to have roots in Combi Ship, formed in 2007 and owner of an earlier Jaguar, IMO 9341768, built in 2006. Equasis records Combi’s ownership from January 2007 to May 2008. G. Gorter and J. Klos of Vieland are named as owners elsewhere. The common vessel name, logo and a Captain Klos connection suggest continuity, but do not establish it. Lloyds places Combi Ship under Wagenborg management.

Netherlands, Farmsum.

The company is recorded in the 1939 fleet account and later Lloyds lists, with Kaye Son & Co. as fleet manager in 1963–64 and 1970–71.

U.K., London in The Worlds Merchant Fleets and Brown; Stewart gives Kingston.

Jamaica.

War Spray was operated by J. Bell & Co. in 1921–1924 and Bell S.S. Pty. Ltd. in 1924–1929, the two being assumed connected. Another source names Bell Steamships Ltd. and dates the change to 1925. Company records give deregistration in 1936 for an entry without location, or 1943 for a Victorian company; Rosanoski does not resolve the alternatives.

Australia, Melbourne.

Documentary material — company attribution not established

The flag’s C was sometimes black. Ships in the American Barber Line service used Barber colours instead. C487 is recorded on the Australian coast in 1897–1900.

The lettering shown by LJC 1885 may be very dark blue.

LJC 1885 gives the flag canton one-quarter of the field; Lloyd’s makes it slightly smaller.

James Chambers left a firm managing the Australian White Star Line in 1865 before its collapse and continued under his own name, operating the new Lancaster Shipowners’ Co. Ltd. Lancaster Shipping Co. Ltd. succeeded it: one account dates incorporation to 1896 and liquidation of the predecessor to 1897, while Merchant Ships gives 1893 for Lancaster Shipping. Mollers Trust bought control in 1944, and James Chambers & Co. ceased in 1946. Another account describes Mollers buying trading rights and goodwill when Chambers withdrew.

The business operated under Lancaster Shipping, Dodwell-Castle Line and Castle Line names; Jordan instead gives Lancashire Shipping. The source also records Barber service connections. Chambers managed Ship Wulsty Castle Ltd., concerning William Beardmore’s Wulsty Castle from 1918. Fleet names used North Country castles.

UK, Liverpool.

After the takeover the company used Westminster Dredging colours, identified as W64 in Marinart and W65 in Mitchell.

The earlier name James Dredging, Towage & Transport appears in Lloyds, which records subscription from 1917 and a Southampton branch from 1923. The business joined Westminster Dredging in 1954. A later company-directory entry gives incorporation on 1 January 1970, non-trading status and a Dublin address; that date is not reconciled with the earlier operating record.

UK; London and Southampton in the cited registers.

The company’s formation is given as 1870 in Merchant Ships and 1872 in Marine News; it operated as Cormack Steamship Co. Ltd. James Cormack died in 1922 and was succeeded by his sons James Jr. and A.C. The company became limited on 14 March 1928. The sons died in 1929 and 1931 respectively and were succeeded by Alistair J. Marine News dates the company’s end to 1936, although Merchant Ships 1942 still lists it with no ships then owned.

From 1922 its vessels adopted names ending in “ton”, after districts in the east of Scotland.

U.K., Leith.

James Dowie formed his Black Star Line in 1855, mainly using chartered ships. Its last sailing vessel was sold in 1904, after which the business continued in shipbroking. Chandler describes Australian services. Rosanoski distinguishes it from Williams & Guion’s American Black Star sailing packets, whose emigrant trade ended in 1863 before the development of the Liverpool-based Guion steam service in 1866.

U.K., Liverpool.

James Findlay operated clipper ships.

UK, Glasgow.

Founded in 1878, James Gardiner operated through several shipowning companies, including Caledonia, Gairloch, Indian, Kincraig and Western. Caledonia was liquidated in 1910. The remaining ships were sold in 1917 to form Rio Cape Line, after which Gardiner managed vessels for the British Government. It again undertook government management during the Second World War, continuing until 1947. Fleet names began with Glen.

UK, Glasgow.

B789, L420, L422 and L423 remain as the additional versions documented in Lloyds, Reed and LJC.

James Nourse, also the Nourse Line, was acquired by P&O in 1917. Its management merged into Hain-Nourse Management in 1964, which took over fleet operation. Nourse also managed one vessel for Charter Shipping in the 1963–64 register.

U.K., London.

Star Line was the company’s trading name. Accounts differ on the early history: NZMN describes James P. Corry & Son as formed in 1851 from the partnership of John Corry and William Montgomery. Ships & Shipping instead traces the business to Robert Corry, a timber importer who bought his first sailing vessel in 1826; his son William joined Corry & Co. in 1851. Expansion into the India trade from 1859 led to the eventual transfer of shipowning from Belfast to London. By 1887 Robert’s grandson James P. Corry chaired James P. Corry & Co. Ltd. HM Merchant Navy gives 1903 for Star Line.

On 23 January 1914, J.P. Corry’s Star Line, Thos. B. Royden’s Indra Line, Tyser & Co. and Wm. Milburn’s Anglo-Australian S.N. Co. incorporated Commonwealth & Dominion Line, which became Port Line in 1937.

The timber and construction business continued, acquiring East Downshire Ltd. about 1979.

U.K., Belfast; later London.

James Paterson arrived in Melbourne in 1853, or 1852 elsewhere in Australian Coastal Shipping, and entered coal importing with Edward Newbigin. A fleet of small sailing vessels followed, with the first steamer dated 1875 in one account and 1864 in another. The business became Melbourne’s largest coal importer and expanded into bay towage. Loughran gives formation in 1854; registration in 1909 presumably concerns the later company name. Paterson’s nephew Henry Masteron succeeded him after his death in 1906.

Huddart Parker acquired the company in 1929. Boral Gas took over through Huddart Parker in 1961, with the remaining ships transferred to McIlwraith, McEacharn in 1962. Mitchell describes the latter as taking ownership and control in 1962.

Paterson was a founding member of Associated Steamship Owners in May 1921. The association ultimately narrowed to McIlwraith McEacharn and Adelaide Steamship before their shipping merger in January 1964. It also joined the consortium that built the tug Batman in 1954; the combined funnel is recorded under Huddart Parker, which operated the tug.

Australia, Melbourne.

A new funnel replaced the original red-thistle design, separately referenced as P144, after the 1923 reformation.

James Patrick founded Patrick Steamship Co. in 1919. It entered liquidation in mid-1923; one account describes reformation later that year, while the later comment dates James Patrick & Co. Ltd. to 1925, matching the registration of 2 January. The name became James Patrick & Co. Pty. Ltd. in 1938. An Australian coastal shipowner, it sold its last two ships in 1962 and developed agency and stevedoring activities. Howard Smith took it over. The 2008 government record showed voluntary liquidation under an administrator.

The company held 40% in both Brisbane Gateway Terminals and National Terminals (Australia), alongside Australian National Line’s 60%; National Terminals began in November 1988. Both became equal ventures on 3 June 1992, with Howard Smith’s participation apparently through James Patrick.

Australia, Sydney.

The company had a vessel on the Australian coast between 1895 and 1897.

U.K., Glasgow.

Shipowners and orchardists, James Rowe & Sons bought Lintrose in 1918. The source records a Bass Steamship joint venture in 1920. In 1931 Rowe merged with Huon Channel & Peninsular S.S. Co. to form Huon Transport Co.

Australia, Hobart.

Coal merchant James Smith acquired Glenelg in 1904 and transferred her to James Smith & Co. in 1911. The Compendium instead records joint acquisition with J.J. Craig, followed by joint company ownership from 1911 and disposal in 1933. Rosanoski tentatively identifies the Craig interest with J.J. Craig Ltd.

New Zealand, Auckland.

James Smith & Zoonen was listed from 1953–54 to 1966–67.

Netherlands, Rotterdam.

Rosanoski’s separately referenced D588 funnel follows Boussoule on 19 March 2014. A port-side photograph of Codralux’s Francis Beaufort on 22 April 2007 supports its use as a group livery, including the flag.

Jan Frans Jozef De Nul began civil contracting in 1938 and dredging in 1951. The business, also known as JDN, appears in Lloyds under N.V. Ondernemingen Jan De Nul and later Jan de Nul N.V. Lloyds initially dates formation to 1968, amended to 1938 in 2008.

Major operating companies include Luxembourg-based Dredging & Maritime Management S.A., formed in 1998, and Codralux S.A., formed in 2004. A 2006 joint venture with Koninklijke Boskalis Westminster was named Jan De Nul Dredging Ltd./Boskalis Westminster Middle East Ltd.

Belgium, Aalst.

Documentary material — company attribution not established

The shades follow Nüsse’s table flag, supported by the agent’s website flag logo. Grimm carried a metal version in a 30 September 2007 photograph; another view showed two tall exhausts rather than a funnel. Kalina, of Reederei Nagel, displayed the full livery in a 5 November 2011 photograph.

Founded in 1989, Jan Nagel Schiffahrts was managed by and later listed as an operating company of Pohl Shipping Schiffahrtsgsellschaft mbH. The registers alternate the parent and subsidiary roles of Jan Nagel Schiffahrts and Reederei Nagel, the latter formed in 1991 at the same address. By 2008 Jan Nagel again appears under its own name with operating companies. Nüsse uses the alias Küstenschiffahrt Nagel & Co. K.G.

Jan Nagel joined Elbe Shipping and Jens & Meyer Schiffahrts in forming Global Mare Shipping at Osten in 2007.

Germany, Drochtersen.

The business was formed in 1957, with vessels held through name subsidiaries. It also managed I/S Europafergen, associated with Lion Ferry. Offshore Heavy Transport, formed in Oslo in 1997, was an operating subsidiary.

Norway, Oslo.

Janfield provided ship management and agency services and is listed by Lloyds as a manager.

China, Hong Kong.

Japan Kinkai, also called Japan Line-Near Seas, appears in Lloyds from 1966–67 to 1996–97, when it is named Japan Kinkai Ltd. Japan Line acted as agent in the earlier registers.

Japan, Tokyo.

Japan Line, also called Japan Line K.K., arose from the government-instigated merger of Nitto Shosen and Daido Kaiun on 1 January 1964. It merged into Navix Line on 1 June 1989. Its interests included Green Investments and several joint ventures. It operated and managed part of Kumiai Senpaku’s fleet and acted for Japan Kinkai and Jasmin Shipping. Japan-prefixed ship names presumably applied to new tonnage.

Japan, Tokyo.

Rosanoski did not locate the company. Mitchell apparently links it with Ikoma Maru, built in 1979, but that vessel belonged to Nippon Suisan, so the connection may have been a charter.

Japan, Tokyo.

R. Japp & Kirby were shipowners and brokers operating by at least 1893, when they enquired about emigration from India to Réunion. The earliest ship Rosanoski located was Otterspool, built in 1896. The business ended in 1912 when Russell Japp retired; F. Japp, T. Hatch and O. Hatch formed Japp, Hatch & Co.

UK; Liverpool in LJC 1909 and London in Lloyds 1912.

Documentary material — company attribution not established

The main flag is blue with a white saltire. A swallowtail pennant with the same saltire appears in several paintings of the clipper Falcon and may have been a commodore’s flag, although company records do not mention it. Eagle Arrow’s flag, seen at Lyttelton on 21 July 1983, supplied the blue shade and had a narrow saltire. The red funnel with black top is associated with Indo-China and may not have been used by Jardine, Matheson directly; a report making Indo-China a subsidiary would instead make it a group livery. Rosanoski describes the Stewart funnel version as incorrect.

Jardine, Matheson was formed at Canton in 1832 by William Jardine and James Matheson. Originally associated with London and the opium trade, it adopted the Chinese name Ewo, “happy harmony”, in the 1840s. Its river, coastal and cargo interests were combined as the Indochina Steam Navigation Company in 1882, and it helped establish Star Ferry in 1898. It became a limited company in 1906 and a public company in 1961. The 1985 withdrawal announcement retained ship management and agency, leaving Rosanoski uncertain whether the decision had changed or concerned ownership in its own name.

The source lists the United Kingdom, Hong Kong and China for the parent group.

The Jardine Shipping, Fleet Trans and Hong Kong ship-management sections concern Hong Kong, China.

Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland, Rotterdam Lloyd and Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij formed Java-Bengal in 1906. It merged with Java-Pacific in 1931 to form Pacific Java Bengal.

Netherlands.

Java-China-Japan Lijn, or J.C.J.L., was formed in 1902 by Nederland, Rotterdam Lloyd and Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij, beginning operations in 1903. It participated in the consortium controlling Vereenigde Nederlandsche Scheepvaartmaatschappij. Ships bore Javanese names beginning Tji, meaning river. In 1947 it combined with part of Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij to become Koninklijke Java-China Paketvaart Linjen, or Royal Interocean Lines.

Netherlands, Amsterdam.

Merchant Ships records a Nederland-operated service from 1915. Fenton instead dates formation to 1916 by Nederland, Rotterdam Lloyd and Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij, continuing until 1960.

Netherlands.

Java-Pacific was formed in 1915 by Nederland, Rotterdam Lloyd and Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij. One account says it merged with Java-Bengal in 1931 to form Pacific Java Bengal; another places its fleet in Silver Java Pacific in 1930. Rosanoski considers these accounts apparently contradictory.

Netherlands.

Jay Shree was part of the B K Birla Group. Lloyds records it as Jayshree Tea & Industries in 1978–79 and Jay Shree Tea & Industries in 1985–86. The subsidiary Jay Shree Shipping later appears as manager for the owner. Vessel names began Jay.

India, Calcutta.

Jayanti was placed under Shipping Corporation of India management in 1966 and appears under the manager in Lloyds 1970–71.

India, Bombay.

JCE originated in Container Safe J. C. Ericsson, formed by Christer Ericsson in 1971. From containers it expanded into offshore accommodation and construction support, beginning with Safe Astoria in 1978. In March 2004 it bought the drilling rigs Sedco 600 and Sedco 602 for conversion, renaming them Safe Bristolia and Safe Astoria. That July it acquired an indirect fifteen per cent interest in the venture building Safe Concordia.

Consafe Offshore, based in Gothenburg, is dated to 2001 by Lloyds and 2000 by the company account. It was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in September 2005. The source traces its operational experience through Concordia, Safe Partners, Safe Offshore and Prosafe.

Sweden, Gothenburg.

Jean Négri specialised in refloating and salvage and appears to have become a shipowner with Osuro (I) in 1941. Auguste Marcellin became a shipowner in 1947; together they formed Société Marseillaise de Travaux, Somatra, in 1949. Lloyd’s lists Somatra in 1953–54. The source dates scrapping of the last ship to 1957.

France, Marseilles.

Jebmai is recorded as a manager in Lloyds 1966–67 and 1970–71, managing four companies in the earlier register and one in the later.

Hong Kong.

Kristian Jebsen founded the business in 1929 as Kristian Jebsens Rederi. It became Jebsens Thun Shipping Group in 1992 and Jebsens SA Group in 1995, although Lloyds 1998 instead uses Jebsens Management. Otto Jost’s alliance with Atle Jebsen developed into Jebsen Hamburg–J. Jost in 1971 and Jebsen Hamburg–Kristian Jebsen in 1974. R. S. Dalgliesh was bought in April 1974. Short-sea operations combined with Paal Wilson in Jebsen Wilson EuroCarriers in January 1993. Wilson sold its share to Jebsen in 1996, but Actinor acquired seventy per cent of Jebsens in 1997, regaining control of EuroCarriers. Management then passed to Wilson. Interests also included Jebsens Industrial Shipping Services, formed in 1987, and MISR Edco. A Tordenskjord connection is inferred from vessel names and the funnel. Ship names commonly ended nes.

Jebsen held twenty per cent of Euro Pacific New Zealand Line before withdrawing in July 1988. Its 1987 venture with Tasman Pulp & Paper, Tasman Jebsen New Zealand Line, gave notice to Union Steam Ship as manager; Jebsen withdrew at the end of 1988.

Norway, Bergen.

Jebshun appears in Lloyds from 1970–71 to 1978–79 and acted as fleet manager for Chan Moo Chu.

Hong Kong.

Jelø-Linien served Christiania and Hamburg with Jelø and Erna, appearing in Aftenposten advertisements from 1891. Westergaard acted at the Norwegian end and S. Stein as Expeditør in Hamburg. An April 1904 notice says R. M. Peterson’s son, engineer Rich. Peterson, replaced Westergaard as agent. This supported the interpretation that R. M. Peterson owned the line. Three successive Jeløs are traced: the 1890 vessel wrecked in 1899, a replacement bought in 1901 and sold in 1905, and a new vessel in 1907. Erna was built in 1894 and wrecked in 1915; the ownership note varies between R. M. and R. N. Peterson. Rich. Peterson later combined ship companies as A/S D/S Nordsjøen in 1912. A/S Jelølinjen, associated with Fred Olsen, took over in July 1923.

Norway, Christiana, as written in the Country field.

Jendi Group was formed in 2003 and appears with ships in its own and named owning companies.

Syria, Tartous.

Jens & Meyer joined Elbe Shipping and Jan Nagel Schiffahrts in establishing Global Mare Shipping at Osten in 2007.

Germany, Drochtersen.

Wilhelm Waller operated ships before the Second World War. His son Dieter went to sea in 1959 and became a captain in 1967; the first container ship was acquired in 1978. Dieter and his engineer nephew Ulf Jens conducted the business from 2005. Lloyds dates Jens & Waller’s formation to 1994, distinct from the earlier Waller operation. Ruth-Dieter was built in 1950, and the last vessel managed under Wilhelm’s name, Westwind, was sold in 1985.

Germany, Stade; Lloyds gives Bützfelth, State.

Born on Pellworm in 1946, Jens Boysen became a seaman and then a teacher involved with young people. He returned to seafaring in 1972, training as a captain in coastal and inshore fisheries. His interest in training troubled young people at sea led to the purchase of the coaster Süderoog in 1978. He moved to Pellworm in 1979 and Denmark in 1995.

Wilhelm E.F. Schmid GmbH is recorded as manager in 1988–89.

Germany, Hamburg and Pellworm; Denmark from 1995.

Jens Hetland was involved in a joint venture with K. Nilsen, recorded under their own names at the Hetland address.

Norway, Egersund.

Jens Jakobsen was formed in 1989 with Jens Jakobsen as chairman and managing director. It appears as an operating company of Rederiet Benskov, formed in 1988 at Ronnede. Erria acquired and absorbed it in 2006.

Denmark, Fakse and Ronnede.

Norway, Askerøyen; the location is explicitly tentative in the source.

Jens Toft appears in records from 1937 through 1963, first as operator and later as owner and manager. D/S Jutlandia is treated as a probable subsidiary from its ship names, which combine family names with Toft.

Denmark, Copenhagen.

Jiangsu Ocean Shipping, also called COSCO Jiangsu and JOSCO, was formed in 1997. Lloyds initially places it under China Ocean Shipping; the later account says that venture ended and lists Jiangsu under the Chinese government, with fleets also recorded in its own and associated companies. JOSCO Yuansheng Shipping Management was formed in Nanjing in 2004.

China, Nanjing.

Jiangsu Steamship was affiliated to JiangSu HuaXi Group. Its website is dated 2010, and Lloyds 2011–12 lists it as a manager.

China, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, in Lloyds; Hong Kong on the company website.

Shipping activities began in the mid-1980s. The annual report dates incorporation in Bermuda to 16 May 1994 and reorganisation that June as the shipping and investment holding company, with Hong Kong correspondence offices. Lloyds instead gives formation in 2001. Jinhui Holdings owned approximately 50.21 per cent at the 2005 reporting date. Goldbeam Shipping Inc. was wholly owned, while the separately named Goldbeam International operating company began as Goldbeam Shipping in 1987 and was renamed in 1991. Vessel names characteristically began Jin.

China, Hong Kong.

The fleet began with Akbari, bought in 1946 and scrapped in 1958. El Karim was acquired in 1949, renamed Sher in 1953 and also scrapped in 1958. Lloyds additionally lists Carabao in 1956–57 and 1958–59, whereas Miramar retains a Rogers & Co. history without mentioning Jivraj. Rosanoski presumes a sale omitted from Miramar; Lloyds 1953–54 had placed the ship with Colonial Steamships under Rogers management in Mauritius.

Kenya, Mombasa.

The business originated around 1750 with John Bulley of Teignmouth and passed to his son Samuel. John Job joined the fish-trading partnership, which transferred its English operations to Liverpool in 1809 while maintaining Newfoundland activity. Reorganisation in 1839 divided the St. John’s and Liverpool partnerships within the Job family. Job Brothers & Co. Ltd. united the Liverpool and St. John’s interests in 1909. Hudson’s Bay acquired a majority in 1927, bought back in 1943; Northlantic Fisheries acquired sixty per cent in 1945. The company is said to have ceased in 1964, while the 1967 date used by FOTW refers to closure of the last Job plant, whose ownership then is unclear.

UK, Liverpool, and St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada.

Anna was acquired without a name change by M. Boulos Vacoub El Adem in 1988 and passed to Joelle B. El Adem and Josiane B. El Adem in 1990. The owners were listed under Establissement Paul Adem management in 1992–93 and Riga Brothers in later registers.

Lebanon, Beirut.

Joh. Leonard operated before the Second World War and through the late 1950s. Ship names used the suffix borg.

Sweden, Landskrona.

Johan Rasmussen & Co., also recorded as Johan Rasmussen and Torger Moe, managed shipping interests including Viking Corporation, Tanker Corporation, Hvalf-A/S Vestfold, Hvalf-A/S Rosshavet and Hvalf.-A/S Sydhavet. The accounts also name Vestvold Corporation in Panama and Vestfold Corporation in agency and associate entries. Viking Tanker of London and its subsidiary Viking Corporation were associates.

Norway, Sandefjord.

The family account dates the business to 1901, founded by Johann M.K. Blumenthal. The fleet was destroyed during the Second World War and rebuilt by his grandson Hans-Edwin Reith. The fourth generation, Dr. Matthais-Kaspar Reith and his brother, later owned and managed Orion Schiffahrts-Gesellschaft Reith & Co., split in June 2005 into Orion Bulkers and Johann M.K. Blumenthal. Lloyd’s instead dates the business to 1904, trading as Orion Schiffahrts GmbH, renamed in 1952 and again in 2005.

Germany, Altona; Hamburg.

Lloyds 1963–1964 records Johannes Bartels and a second Hamburg company named Johs. Bartels; the source does not establish their relationship.

Germany, Hamburg.

The J lacks a top arm extending towards the fly, except in Brown 1951; Stewart shows a crossed continental-style form. Ships & The Sea, Merchant Ships and Flaggen & Schornsteine show I1’s funnel panel as a band, as with S613.

Johannes Ick appears in wartime sources under operator Arthur Sommer and in post-war registers through 1963–64. It reappears as agent in the 1990s. Lloyds dates formation to 1987, which Rosanoski takes as an apparent return to shipping rather than the beginning of the earlier business. Later ownership is assigned to Mathies Reederei, conflicting with the 1942 account’s description of Ick as a part-controller of Mathies from 1934.

Germany, Hamburg.

Johannes Sørensen was listed solely as a fleet manager in 1963–1964 and 1970–1971, managing one vessel-owning company in the earlier register and three in the later one.

Denmark, Odense.

Visser acquired and renamed the 1953-built Dependent in 1963 in partnership with F. Bruins, replacing it in 1970 with the 1964-built vessel of the same name. New Dependents followed in 1977 and 1982. The register instead names the earlier partnership J. Bruins & J. Visser and later records J. Visser under Wijne & Barends operation; the differing initials are retained.

The 1982 Dependent passed to Rederij Dependent in 1984, returned to Johannes Visser in 1986, and was sold to Gerardus J. & Peter Schalk in 1995. In 2000 Scheepvaartbedrijf A.J. Kok renamed her Liamare; Vink Scheepvaart B.V. acquired her on 8 April 2004 and renamed her Henny. She subsequently passed unchanged in name to Fornax B.V. on 13 May 2013 under Geuze Shipping management. The cited Miramar sequence omits the 1995 sale.

Netherlands, Delfzjil.

Lars G. Johansson managed the group, with A/B Skarhamns Oljetransp as agent. Its fleet appears under single-ship companies and OT-Rederierna by 1973–74 and under O.T. ownership in 1980–81. The Johansson Brothers business became bankrupt in 1982, and A/B Shipinvest was formed to take over the shipping activities. Mitchell instead describes acquisition by OT Rederi.

Sweden, Skarhamn.

John Andersson operated as Rederi A/B Signe in 1953–54. By 1958–59 Lloyds listed him under his own name with a different vessel, Signe; in 1963–64 he again operated as Rederi A/B Signe, with a new vessel.

Sweden, Helsingborg.

John B. Osgood was an American whaling owner well established by the 1820s.

USA, Salem.

Bacon Line was apparently a trading name, formed about 1850. It merged into Powell, Bacon & Hough Lines in 1913, which became Coast Lines in 1917. John Bacon is recorded as owner or manager of Bristol, Swansea, Milford, Wexford S.S. Co. and Liverpool & Bristol Channel S.N. Co.

U.K., Liverpool.

The Breckenridge family came from Forster and combined timber milling with ownership of small coastal sailing vessels and two steamers. Commonwealth was held from 1901 to an unspecified year, and Jap from 1911 to 1931. The business changed from John Breckenridge to John Breckenridge & Sons Ltd. in 1924.

Australia, Sydney.

Captain John Burke (1842–1919) began the business in 1887, although Rosanoski’s later FOTW comment gives 1877. It traded as John Burke and then John Burke & Co. before incorporation in 1915. One account calls the incorporated company John Burke Ltd.; the registration record gives John Burke Pty. Ltd., registered on 22 March 1915, later John Burke (Queensland) Pty. Ltd. His son John Edward Burke (1871–1947), probably a part-owner from the beginning, succeeded as manager, followed by John Augustine Burke (1896–1972). Many employees became shareholders despite frequent union disputes.

Dillingham acquired the company in 1968, with John Burke Shipping becoming a division of its Australian company. Dillingham sought to dispose of its shipping interests in 1984; ADCO Ltd. of New York was reported as controlling the business in 1988. Trading ceased in December 1989 and liquidators were appointed. John Burke Shipping, registered on 10 January 1978, was deregistered on 10 January 1990; John Burke (Queensland) Pty. Ltd. was deregistered on 20 October 1992.

Mason Shipping Co. was a Cairns subsidiary from 1965, later renamed Portsmith Stevedoring Co. Pty. Ltd. and deregistered in 1992. Poroman Shipping Co. was bought in June 1989. Papua New Guinea-based Coral Sea Shipping was another Dillingham-group associate.

Australia, Brisbane; Fortituse Valley, Queensland, is recorded in 1980–81.

One livery has a grey funnel with two widely spaced narrow white bands and, between them, a flag flying from a pole. That flag is blue with a very broad white horizontal band bearing blue JCH letters in a diagonal line described as Pbd.

The other has two widely spaced narrow blue-white-blue tribands on the grey funnel, again with the flag between them. This flag is white with a narrow blue border and blue JCH letters in a diagonal line described as Pbd.

Formed in 1946, John C. Hadjipateras & Sons acted as agent, including for Evermia Compañia Naviera. Its operating subsidiary Archipelago Shipping, based at Piraeus, performed agency work for vessel-owning companies.

United Kingdom, London.

John C. Helmsing was owned and managed by Helmsing & Grimm. The 1970–71 register specifies management of two vessels.

Germany.

The business was formed in 1939. Its single-ship subsidiaries included P/R Idalith, formed in 1982, and P/R Finlith, formed in 1985. Fabricius & Co. managed Idalith.

Denmark.

The company began in 1908 and was acquired by Cory Ship Towage, merging in 1970. Its fleet appears as Cory Ship Towage (N.I.) by 1973–74.

UK, Belfast.

John Cory & Sons was formed in 1874; Rosanoski rejects Mitchell’s 1895 date as disproved by earlier sources. It operated tramp vessels through British Steam Shipping Co. Ltd. and Orders & Handford Steamship Co. Ltd. Cardigan Shipping Co. Ltd. was acquired in 1959. The last ship appears to have been sold in 1966.

U.K., Cardiff.

John Dalton was a tug operator who died in 1898.

Australia, Newcastle.

John Darling arrived from Scotland in 1855 and took over a grain and flour merchant in 1867. His son John became a partner in 1872, forming John Darling & Son, later active in South Australian coastal shipping. The younger John succeeded his father in 1897; after his death in March 1914, Harold Gordon succeeded him and moved headquarters to Melbourne.

Later registrations include John Darling & Son Ltd. in 1953, subsequently a proprietary company and then Nilred Pty. Ltd., deregistered after liquidation in 1994. John Darling & Son Australia Ltd., registered in 1958, was taken over by Allied Mills on 2 April 1962 and deregistered after liquidation in 1997.

Australia, Adelaide.

Thomas Allan Dry was part-owner of a tug by about 1857. His son John inherited the towing business in 1889 and incorporated The John Dry Steam Tugs in 1908. Robert Stephenson Allen’s Newcastle business, operating since 1873, was acquired in April 1914, with Allen becoming manager. John Dry died on 4 October 1921. In September 1929 a merger with Robert Redhead & Son was agreed, forming Redhead & Dry’s Tugs.

U.K., South Shields.

U.K., Liverpool.

The collier concern was operating by 1873 and was associated with William Cory. By the 1880s it was the largest manager in that trade, but the formation of William Cory & Son in 1896 brought the Cory-interest vessels under that company’s management. Fenwick’s reduced operation lost its last managed collier to Lambton & Hetton at the end of the First World War, although ownership continued. The Sibylla wreck report names John Fenwick as owner in 1888. A voluntary winding-up notice appeared on 30 May 1947.

UK, London.

UK.

The Log uses the name J. & H.F. Gaff for Prophet’s Australian operations in 1912–1915.

UK, Glasgow.

The Griswolds’ sailing packets served New York–London as the Black Cross or Black X Line, the name derived from the flag design. South Street dates the London packet line’s origin to 1823.

USA, New York.

John H. Shaw operated whalers from 1839 to 1855 and also traded as Shaw & Folger in 1844.

USA, Nantucket.

Both John H. Whitaker (Holdings) and John H. Whitaker (Tankers) are dated to 1949. The 2011 company account describes a fifth-generation family bunkering business with 129 years’ experience, operating inland barges and seagoing tankers. Whit names began with Whitonia in 1950, lapsed and returned in 1968; Tankers had also used Humber names.

John Harker was acquired after its 1982 liquidation with the name retained. A joint venture with Bayford was formed in 1985 and appears under Lapthorn management. The last-vessel entry gives Bowcliffe, while Miramar records a 1994 renaming to Fast Ken and sale in 2005.

UK, Hull.

John Harker became responsible for lighterage at Stainsby & Lyon after becoming a shareholder and director in 1893. Following his death in 1911, his son James and son-in-law James William Kipping continued the business. Stainsby & Lyon bought Harker & Kipping in 1918 and formed John Harker Ltd. Shipbuilding began in 1926 and lasted until 1979. A new Lyon & Lyon holding company was formed in 1936, retaining the Harker name for barges and the yard; John Harker (Coasters) followed in 1937. A separate account describes a Lyon & Lyon takeover in 1976. Shipping ceased that year, with sale to Whitaker also dated 1976, while Lloyds places liquidation and acquisition by Whitaker Holdings in 1982. The name survived, later appearing for a Runcorn freight forwarder; Deepdale H and Teesdale H were listed under Whitaker.

Early vessels were named for family and company connections. A naming competition led to the dale names with H suffix, beginning with Darleydale H in 1937.

United Kingdom: Knottingley, Hull and Runcorn in successive accounts.

Formed in 1880, John Harrison owned colliers from the 1890s. In 1920 the business, then owned by Harold Harrison and E.T. Lindley, was sold.

United Kingdom, London.

John Harrison operated sawmills, tugs and sailing vessels, with shipping recorded from 1894 until shortly after the First World War. He ran Wairoa River steamers in competition with Northern Rivers, bought a half-interest in that company in 1897 and later became managing director; he also managed Northern Union Steam Boat. He participated in the trans-Tasman timber trade until 1908. Rosanoski considers him probably the J. Harrison listed elsewhere for 1894–1914.

New Zealand, Aratapu.

John Hay was a Melbourne timber and shipping agent involved in building Hay’s Mill in 1919. Operations began in 1920, with sawn timber carried by the company steamer Gundiah, and the cited mill account says they ceased in 1921. The Compendium of Australasian Merchant Ships records Gundiah under John Hay of Hobart in 1921–30; the source also says she served the Melbourne–Lorne route throughout the 1930s, a discrepancy Rosanoski marks “[sic]”.

Australia, Melbourne; Hobart is also given.

Rosanoski assumes the bird to be a heron, despite a different identification in The Log.

Captain John Herron, born in 1820, came ashore in the late 1860s as marine superintendent to R.S. Graves. When Graves sold his ships to enter Parliament, Herron acquired them, first with his brother as William & John Herron and later as John Herron & Co. His son-in-law Captain Isaiah Weaver was a partner. The John Herron Line is dated 1877. It operated the Lord Line of sailing ships, buying its last sailing vessel in 1892 and first steamship in 1896. Herron died in 1898 and was presumably succeeded by his son John. The last ship was sold in 1920.

UK, Liverpool.

A black-and-white photograph of Mano confirms the funnel.

John Holt’s business originated with the purchase of a small concern on Fernando Po in 1862. His brother Captain Jonathon C. Holt helped establish trading posts around the Gulf of Guinea. Accounts differ on the later company dates: Sea Breezes gives establishment of John Holt & Co. (Liverpool) in 1910, whereas Liverpool Shipping records a first vessel in 1868, John Holt & Co. in 1884, and incorporation after Jonathon’s death in 1896. Merchant Ships dates steamship ownership to 1895.

The fleet became John Holt Line in 1950 and Guinea Gulf Line in 1954. It joined the West African Lines Conference in 1950. Brocklebank took management in 1962; Elder Dempster, through Liner Holdings, bought the fleet in March 1965, later bringing it under Ocean Steam Ship. Red Rose Navigation at Bermuda and Holt Maritime Enterprises were subsidiary interests. Family “Holt” vessel names gave way to African names after the Elder Dempster takeover. Delmas Vieljeaux acquired the share capital in April 1989, though Rosanoski questions continued operation because the last ships had been sold in 1979.

U.K., Liverpool.

John Howard & Co. was a civil engineering company which built up a tug fleet in the late 1960s.

U.K., Liverpool.

Joe McMillan suggested descent from Eagle & Hazard’s mid-nineteenth-century Eagle Line, engaged in the New York–Mobile cotton trade. Rosanoski’s later investigation found that partnership dissolved in November 1859, with Horatio Eagle transferring his interest to William H. Hazard. He concluded that the John J. Eagle attribution appeared to be confusion with John I. Earle, with no established Eagle & Hazard connection.

USA, New York.

John Joyce operated sailing ships as Galgate Shipping Co., called Galgate Co. Ltd. in Lloyds 1912.

U.K., Liverpool.

The principal funnel is black with red, white and blue horizontal bands and a small black K on the white. Brown 1958 instead gives a blue K. ABC Coastal Cargo Ships confirms the small letter, and a black-and-white photograph of Ballygrainey supports the funnel.

The second funnel is white with a very narrow black top and the same red-white-blue bands and small black K. Rosanoski considers this version suspect.

The flag is a blue swallowtail with a very broad red horizontal band bearing a white K.

The company is recorded in Lloyds 1963–64 and 1970–71, with E. W. P. King and then John Kelly Wilson as managers.

U.K., Belfast.

John L. Baldwin operated Olga as a passenger ferry on the Macleay River from 1904. One account ends the period about 1924; another gives 1919.

Australia, Kempsey.

The business was incorporated in Hong Kong on 27 December 1916. Backhouse sold his interest in July 1922, after which it became John Manners & Co.; Manners withdrew in 1936. Robert Perez de LaSala acquired a large holding in 1938 and shipownership began that October. After de LaSala’s death in 1967, ship buying ended in 1971 and owning operations were wound down.

Cambay Prince, formed in 1938, became the principal shipowning subsidiary. Carrington began as the Manners Godowns venture in 1947, became wholly owned in 1959–60 and was renamed in 1962. China Shipping became Compass in 1967; Samarinda Coal & Trading became Cronulla in 1961. Manners Navigation and several San-named companies also operated separately. The San Antonio, Fernando, Jeronimo and Roberto Ltd. concerns appear to have been replaced or reformed as S.A. companies in 1952.

San names, recalling Spanish saints and de LaSala’s origins, generally belonged to Panamanian-registered vessels. Breeze names were usual for Hong Kong or British registry, often prefixed by the river where the vessel was built. Isabel Navigation’s vessels instead used female family names.

Hong Kong.

John McCallum merged with Martin Orme & Son in 1929 to form McCallum, Orme & Co. David MacBrayne took over the combined concern in 1947.

UK, Glasgow.

The fleet was held through Cliffside Shipping and Morrison Steamship, the latter also recorded as Morrison Shipping.

U.K., North Shields; later Newcastle.

John Nurminen appears in Lloyds editions from 1953–54 to 1966–67. Its ships used family names.

Finland, Helsingfors.

Ogden’s sailing packets served New York–San Francisco during the California gold rush. In 1852 he joined R.W. Cameron in an Australian clipper service for the gold rush there, known as the Pioneer Line. Antelope and Onward are recorded among his ships, the latter from 1852 to 1861.

USA, New York.

U.K., Dundee.

Founded in 1897 as John P. Pedersen & Son, the company became JPP Shipping A/S in 1986 and adopted the stated name in 1990. The fleet operated through name subsidiaries, including A/S Ocean. Norbulk Shipping UK managed one vessel in the 1998 account.

Norway, Oslo.

The company was reported in liquidation when Rockville was sold for demolition in March 1963.

U.K.

The Log traces the business to Nipper & See, formed about 1875 by George Nipper and John See. Nipper withdrew in 1884 and See continued as John See & Co., a sequence supported by one biography. Another biography instead describes See’s arrival in Sydney in 1865 as a produce merchant, the firm becoming John See & Co. in 1884 and a later partnership in the coastal line Nipper & See. Rosanoski leaves the conflicting sequence visible.

The business merged into North Coast Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. in 1891.

Australia, Sydney.

Established in 1899, John Stewart became a steamship owner in 1910 and is recorded through 1973–1974. Albert Chester is listed as an associate, without explanation of the connection.

U.K., Glasgow.

The flag is common to the group and associated with China Navigation. Rosanoski notes that earlier sources used the Swire name alone, Griffin 1895 named both companies and Reed continued with Swire alone through 1901. The related company livery appears under China Navigation as C10; Ocean Ships 1982 also allows blue funnels bearing the panel. The group’s international operations do not change the original UK company context.

The source also records a change from tug colours T369 to T370 in 1966. These remain documentary cross-references rather than additions to the approved image group.

The group began with John Swire’s Liverpool import-export business in 1816, becoming John Swire & Sons about 1832. After his death in 1847, John Samuel and William Hudson expanded overseas. John Samuel’s Australian Swire Bros. venture lasted from 1854 until his return in 1859, and the brothers helped found Ocean Steamship in 1865. Butterfield & Swire began in Shanghai in 1866; the notes describe its dissolution within eighteen months but also date the partner’s buyout to 1 August 1868. The name continued for the Asian business into the 1970s. Lloyds gives 1875 as the formation date, whose meaning Rosanoski leaves unclear.

China Navigation was formed in 1872, and Union Steam Navigation was bought in 1872–1873. Coast Boats Ownery, founded jointly with John Scott and H.J. Butterfield in November 1874, merged into China Navigation in 1883. Further maritime interests included Tienstin Lighter with Ocean Steamship from 1904 and Taikoo Dockyard from May 1908, whose fleet joined Hongkong Salvage & Towage in December 1972. John Kidston Swire became chairman in 1946; a 2006 account gives the family holding as 63 per cent.

From 1 January 1974 the Hong Kong interests were placed under Swire Pacific. The overseas headquarters adopted John Swire & Sons, ending the Butterfield & Swire name. Swire Pacific Offshore Services was formed in 1975, later appearing in Singapore, with an Australian offshore company founded in 1992 at Fremantle. Many fleet names began with Pacific. The original gives the Offshore Operations company’s formation year incompletely as 199.

Container interests included Australia Japan Container Line, in which a 26 per cent holding is recorded in 1968; Australia Straits with P&O and Straits Steamship; Chief Container Lines; New Guinea Pacific Line; Polynesia Line; Swire Orient; and Swire Straits with Overseas Containers from November 1978. Some holdings are alternatively attributed to China Navigation. Crusader Swire’s formation is given as either 1971 or 1977. P&O Swire Containers is separately recorded as formed in 1973 under the Australia Japan name and renamed in 1993, leaving differing dates in the original. South Pacific Line was another service, and an earlier minority interest was held in Hongkong, Canton & Macao Steamboat.

Other operations included Dong Young Shipping, Swire Navigation from 2005 and Swire Sita Waste Services, founded in 1991 as Swire BFI and renamed in 1998. Prisco Swire Offshore was formed with Primorsk in 2005. Accounts differ over Steamships Trading: one traces a small holding from the early 1960s, reaching one-third by the mid-1980s and acquiring another third through Collins & Leahy in May 2005; the company account instead dates initial acquisitions to 1976–1977, later becoming the major shareholder.

UK, London.

John Theodor Essberger established the business in 1924. One account gives J.T. Essberger as its original name, changed to John T. Essberger in 1938 and GmbH & Co. in 1986. Another traces it to an Atlantic-Tank-Rhederei partnership with Friedrich Joch: the partners separated in 1930, Joch retaining Atlantic and Essberger registering his own company, although joint tanker ownership and Essberger operation continued. Other sources call the original partnership Atlantic Rhederei, leaving its precise identity uncertain.

Essberger was succeeded by daughter Liselotte von Rantzau-Essberger and, in the 1980s, Dr. Eberhart and Heinrich von Rantzau. The Rantzau-controlled group included Deutsche Afrika-Linien, acquired in 1941, West-Afrika Linien-Dienste and Transocean Liners, with Transocean Shipmanagement managing group and third-party vessels. Earlier operating subsidiaries included Bremer Öl Transport and Öl Transport, both active until 1938.

Broere Shipping was bought in February 2004 and renamed John T. Essberger B.V. in 2009, based at Dordrecht. Transocean Shipmanagement merged into John T. Essberger in 2005. In 2008 the tanker-broking team combined with Frachtcontor Junge’s tanker department as Frachtcontor-Essberger Tanker Brokers.

Germany, Hamburg.

Rennie operated the Aberdeen Line to Natal, founded in 1856 and also known as the Aberdeen Direct Line. Thos. & Jas. Harrison bought it in 1911. The fleet continued as Harrison-Rennie Line until the end of the First World War, when the Rennie identity ceased.

U.K., London.

John W. Stone began by fitting oil tanks to two surplus government trucks, later expanding into maritime fuel supply on the Mississippi and Gulf of Mexico. The concern pioneered midstream fuelling at New Orleans. Stone Buccaneer, built in 1985, is described as the Gulf’s first floating fuelling vessel capable of delivering more than 700,000 gallons in one trip.

USA, Gretna LA.

Willis operated sailing ships in the clipper era, including Cutty Sark.

U.K., London.

Registered on 3 June 1982, the business belonged to Billy Johnson and operated the small motor tug Betts Bay.

Australia, Dora Creek.

Johnson ScanStar, or JSS, was formed in 1972 by Sweden’s Johnson, Denmark’s East Asiatic and Britain’s Blue Star. By its closure announcement in June 1990, East Asiatic owned eighty per cent and Blue Star twenty. Since 1988 it had used chartered Evergreen capacity instead of its own ships.

Sweden, Stockholm.

Johs. Larsen was formed in 1915 and appears as a ship manager in the post-war registers through 1980–81. The address moves from Bergen to Paradis.

Norway, Bergen; later Paradis.

Documentary material — company attribution not established

The funnel bears a white bow-on outline of a ship and sea, with white J and P on opposite sides of the bow.

The separately referenced P250 funnel was confirmed on Anna Presthus in September 1966.

The company traces its origin to Alexander II’s approval of the Northern Dvina Steamship Society charter on 3 October 1858. Northern River Shipping was formed on 30 January 1923, apparently as the Northern State River Shipping Authority; it is also recorded as Northern State River Steamship. Lloyds dates a change from Northern River Shipping Co. to 1995. The company account describes reorganisation as an open joint-stock company but prints the year as 993. Its principal shareholders are given as Murmansk Shipping and the Federal Agency for Federal Property Management, while Lloyds records Russian government control.

USSR, Arkhangelsk; later Russia, Arkhangelsk.

The joint-stock company was formed in 1993 and also appears as A/O Kama Rechnoye Parokhodstvo and A/O Kamskoye Rechnoye Parokhodstvo. It carried passengers and cargo on the Kama and Volga and operated river-sea services on the Azov, Black and Mediterranean seas. Lloyds identifies Russian government control. A 32.13% holding of the Federal Agency for State Property Management was put up for sale in October 2010. The Perm-based operating company Kama Shipping Co. Ltd., OOO Kamskaya Sudokhodnaya Kompaniya, was formed in 1998.

USSR; later Russia, Perm.

Northern Shipping, also JSC NSC or NSC Arkhangelsk, originated on 16 May 1870 as the Belomorsk-Murmansk Regular Shipping Line Partnership. It entered the State Merchant Marine Fleet in July 1922 and came under North-West Shipping State Corporation until the USSR’s breakup. The company history dates its re-establishment as an open joint-stock company to 23 December 1992; Mitchell describes it as independent from 1991. Lloyds records Russian government control, with Norchart also involved in the 2000–04 entries, then government control alone. Northern Shipping co-founded JSC Bunker.

Russia, Arkhangelsk.

The family business grew from Jonas Olsson’s command and part-ownership of Neptun and passed through his daughter’s marriage to Captain Anders Theodor Jonasson. Steamers were initially held in partnerships. Rederi A/B Othalia was formed in March 1915, taking Dowlais from Rederi A/B Råå and renaming it Othalia. Ownership changed in 1918, and liquidation was called in February 1921. Anders Theodor became a director when the business moved from Gothenburg to Helsingborg in 1917, took Ethel into his own ownership in 1921 and used Rederi AB A. Th. Jonasson from 1924. Råå Rederi followed in 1930 with his son Mauritz, and Jonita operated from 1933 to liquidation in 1937. The last ship was bought in 1947 and vessels sold in 1948–51, reportedly ending the business, although Lloyds later lists a possibly connected Jonassons Befraktnings A/B.

Sweden, Råå.

The Mystic Seaport material is dated 1850.

USA, New York.

The company sold its last ship in 1964 and was taken over by J. & A. Brown & Abermain Seaham Collieries in 1965. Rosanoski records a seventy-year existence but also infers formation around 1915; those figures do not agree. Bealiba was built for Jones Brothers in 1920 according to one source, or 1921 in Miramar.

Australia, Sydney.

Paul Gahrs was built in 1937. Later registers contain several Gährs entries, including an association with Willem Harms and a concern managed by Küstenschiffahrt Bauer & Hauschildt. Gothia, the last vessel shown in Lloyds 1980–81, was sold that year. Mitchell records Jork as sold in 1986, but the cited vessel history instead follows its 1975 renaming as Scol Valiant, return to Jork in 1977 and sinking on 27 May 1986 during a Bombay–Suez voyage.

Germany: Stade, later Hamburg.

Founded in 1970, the company is recorded with one vessel through a name partnership.

Germany, Lühe; Jork.

Peter Joon founded the business in 1981, acquiring Koala Line in 1988 and Holland Canada Line in 1989. It adopted the Netherlands Antilles flag in 1989, cooperated with Contship and transformed Rederij de Nieuwe Waterweg into Joon Shipping in 1990. The companies entered bankruptcy in June and July 1991 amid debts to Nigoco, high oil prices and low freight rates. Related trading names included Joon Ship Services, Joon Chartering and Joon Liner Services.

Netherlands, Rotterdam.

Joong Ang was formed in 1975 and became affiliated with Korea Line after that group’s formation in mid-1984. Its fleet appeared in its own and named owning companies.

South Korea, Seoul.

The company appears in Lloyds 1992–93 as manager for one company.

Germany, Duisburg.

Joseph B. Macy, 1821–1888, is recorded as a whaler from 1855 to 1869.

USA, Nantucket.

A black-and-white photograph of Wearwood confirms the funnel, though Mitchell gives a wider band.

The business originated in the sailing-ship era and became a steamship owner about 1890, at one time using the name Constantine & Pickering Steamship Co. It acquired Norton Liners in 1947. Its Canadian subsidiary, Constantine Lines (Canada), managed Argonaut Navigation and Dingwall Shipping; the account also records a 1948 renaming as Quebec Steamship Lines without making the antecedent clear. British interests included Constantine Shipping at Middlesbrough, Constantine Lines at Glasgow, and Wood Lines, apparently later Constantine Lines (Operations). Teesdale and Tynedale were operated companies, and James Little an associate. The fleet developed from tramps with wood names into coasters.

U.K., Middlesbrough.

The business originated with Joseph Crosthwaite Sr. about 1854; Joseph Jr. began in 1894. Joseph Crosthwaite (Tugs) Ltd. was incorporated on 17 March 1924 to acquire Joseph Crosthwaite’s assets. The family was unrelated to William H. Crosthwaite of the Tees operation.

A consortium of Lawson-Batey, France, Fenwick Tyne & Wear and Redhead & Dry’s acquired the company in July 1933, retaining its name. France, Fenwick increased its holding when it took over Redhead & Dry’s in May 1944. The notes also give a 50/50 division between France, Fenwick and Lawson-Batey, but date it May 1994, inconsistent with the later winding-up chronology. Winding-up was agreed in April 1949 and the final board meeting held on 10 November 1950.

UK, North Shields; South Shields by 1944.

Steamship owners from 1897, Joseph Fisher & Sons later belonged to Cawood Holdings. They operated Frontier Town Steamship and Newry & Kilkeel S.S., which Rosanoski regards as probably subsidiaries. Ships had short tree, shrub and flower names.

UK, Newry, Northern Ireland.

Joseph Heap & Sons, Liverpool rice millers, built up a small fleet during the 1870s and 1880s, known as the Diamond H Line after its house flag. The ships were placed under the Thames & Mersey Line, managed for a time by Thompson, May & Co., identified in the source with Gracie, Beazley & Co. In 1882 the fleet was sold to Mr. Beazley of Liverpool to establish his son, a member of Gracie, Beazley & Co.; it became the Australian Shipping Co., also called the Australasian Line.

UK, Liverpool.

Captain Joseph Robinson began the business with Stag in 1846, subsequently forming Joseph Robinson & Co. Shipping operated through Stag Line Ltd. The limited company is dated to 1895 by the National Maritime Museum and 1896 by Merchant Ships. One account describes tramp-steamship ownership from 1876, while the flag history refers to the first steamers in 1871.

The fleet’s names were flowers, generally ending in ia. G.T. Gillie & Blair operated part of it in the late 1970s. Hunting Gibson took over in March 1981; the joint management company passed to James Fisher & Sons in 1982, and the remaining coasters were sold by 1983.

U.K., North Shields.

Weston operated six coastal steamers between Sydney and the Central Coast from 1900 to the First World War. Rock Lily, the sole vessel in the 1917–1918 register entry, was apparently jointly owned by J. Weston, R. Saddington and J. Dixon. Queen Bee had the same ownership in 1907–1914, with M. Weston replacing J. Weston for 1914–1922.

Australia, Sydney.

The source dates Josiah Macy & Son to 1830.

USA, New York.

US Navy 1961, under José Peisci & Cia., instead shows a white flag with a blue circle crossed by a narrow white diagonal band per bend sinister, enclosed by a gold ring. The overall gold arrow points to the fly; J and P retain their positions. Rosanoski references this alternative as P421.

Formed on 20 August 1958 for coastal shipping and trade between Argentine and Brazil, the company remained recorded into the mid-1980s. Lloyd’s initially gives José Peisci & Cia., later José Peisci S.A. de Navegación; La Marina Mercante Argentina uses José Peisci S.A., suggesting possible name changes.

Argentine, Buenos Aires.

Brazil, Bahia.

Jan Reier Arends founded JR Shipping in 1993; Sander Schakelaar became a partner in 2000. From 2001 fleet expansion was financed through Dutch CV limited partnerships. Confeeder Shipping & Chartering handled charter brokerage, and JR Ship Management operated the fleet. A separate Lloyds note gives formation in 2000 but cites the 1998 register, leaving its chronology unclear. Bankruptcy petitions were filed in January 2012 for the single-ship companies of Elusive and Electra.

Netherlands, NS Harlingen.

Lloyds records Dalrybprom as formed in 2001 under the control of the Russian Federation government. Its earlier background is unclear, as previous editions list the fleet under other companies. The operating company Dalrybprom-PK Co. Ltd. was formed in 2005 at the same address.

Russia, Vladivostok.

Established in March 1996 with JSC Northern Shipping Company and Arkhangelkj Lestorg Ltd. of Moscow as shareholders, the company principally supplied bunkers at Arkhanglesk. It later obtained a sea-cargo licence and began delivering bunker oil to White and Barents Sea ports; the source gives the licence year as “12005”, which is retained as uncertain. Lloyd’s 2011–12 lists it as Bunkering Co. [Zao “Bunkernaya Kompaniya].

Russia, Arkhanglesk (assumed).

Also known as DMNG, the business gives its origin as 1965 in hydrocarbon exploration. Lloyds instead gives formation in 1992 and a change to JSC Dalmorneftegeophysica in 2006. It was listed as Trest Dalmorneftegeofizika (Dalmorneftegeofizika Trust) in 1996–97 and under Russian government control in 1998. Nordic Maritime Pte. Ltd. appears as manager in 2011–12.

Russia, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

Latvian Shipping, also Latvijas Kugnieciba or LSC, dates its foundation to 29 October 1940, when the USSR established the Latvian National Naval Shipping Company. Operations ceased during German occupation and resumed in 1944. After Latvian independence it became a state enterprise on 29 August 1991, based on 87 inherited Soviet ships, and a state joint-stock company in 1996. Privatisation regulations were approved in September 1999. It became a public joint-stock company on 5 June 2002; JSC Ventspils bought 49.94% on 26 June.

Latmar Columbia (Cyprus) was formed jointly with Columbia Shipmanagement in 1993. The Riga management company formed as LSC Ship Management, or Kuga Menedzments, in 1999 is listed as LSA Shipmanagement SIA after a 2004 name change.

Latvia, Riga.

The register traces Murmansk Port Authority to JSC Murmansk Port in 1992 under Russian government control, later listing Masco JSC. The shipping company describes itself as the former port fleet of Murmansk Commercial Seaport and regards 1 June 1995 as its foundation date, initially using vessels rented from the seaport. Recorded aliases include A/O “Murmansk Port”, Zao “Malaya Sudokhodnaya Kompaniya” and Macko.

Russia, Murmansk.

The business traces its origin to the Soviet decision of 23 June 1935 to build the Norilsk Combine under the NKVD. The first copper-nickel matte was produced in 1939. A state concern formed in November 1989 brought together mining, processing and related enterprises, and became RAO Norilsk Nickel on 30 June 1993. Swift, representing Uneximbank, acquired the controlling 38% share in 1997. Restructuring in 2000 transferred the capitalisation centre to Norilsk Mining Company, named Mining and Metallurgical Company Norilsk Nickel in February 2001; subsequent share exchanges and buy-backs consolidated ownership. Lloyds gives different corporate dates: formation in 2001, later amended to 1984 with a 2002 name change.

The international nickel and other metals producer operated transport branches at Dudinka, Murmansk, Arkhangelsk and Krasnoyarsk, with Norilsk Nickel Logistics in Rotterdam. Lloyds 2011–12 places the fleet under the Murmansk Transport Branch as managers.

Russia, Moskva.

Documentary material — company attribution not established

The Soviet-period funnel variation is recorded on Aleksandr Surorov in a starboard photograph from 1988.

Kapitan Chukhchin photographed to port on 8 July 2003 provides this version.

This funnel follows Novaya Zemlya to port on 24 July 2013 and a starboard photograph of Grumant.

Kapitan Bochek and Kaptian Vodenko provide starboard and portside references. Vakula, photographed to starboard on 9 January 2010, lacks a black funnel top.

Murmansk State Dry-cargo & Passenger Shipping Company originated on 22 September 1939, taking bulk and passenger-cargo vessels from Northern and Baltic Shipping. It became Murmansk Shipping in 1967 and was reorganised from a state enterprise into a joint-stock company on 15 January 1993. Previously operated through North-West Shipping State Corporation, it came under a controlling LUKoil interest in 1998.

NB Shipping at Limassol was formed in 1994. The source tentatively connects Helsingborg’s NB Shipping Services Group with NB Maritime Management’s transfer to Cyprus in February 1999. Dates of 1995 and 1996 also occur for the management concern, without a clear reconciliation.

USSR, Murmansk; subsequently Russia, Murmansk.

A decree of 29 August 1924 authorised a pennant for the Volga State River Shipping Authority, but the cited passage gives no design details.

Volga Shipping is also recorded as A/O Volzhskoye Parakhodstvo, Sudokhodnaya Kompaniya Volzhskoye Parakhodstvo and Volzhskoe ob`edinyonnoe parohodstvo. Lloyd’s gives origins in 1843 and use of the United Volga River Shipping name until 1984. The website dates Volga steamship operations to 1848 and describes nationalisation in 1918, followed by the 1954 combination of the Gorky cargo-passenger and Kuibyshev cargo fleets as United Volga-River Shipping Co. JSC Volga Shipping succeeded it in 1994. The differing end dates for the earlier name are not reconciled.

The company operates passenger and cargo services on the Volga and other Russian inland waterways, and river-sea services in Europe. Volga-Flot-Tour was formed in 1999 and Volga-Flot-Tanker in 2001. Volga Shipping joined Joint Stock Volga-Baltic Company Holding in 2004 and came under Transport Assents Management Ltd. in 2009. Volga Flot Tour later became general partner to its successor Vodohod.

USSR, Astrkhan; subsequently Russia, Nizhniy Novograd.

The company website introduced a new logo in March 2009, described as expressing movement and dynamism.

Yenisey Shipping was formed on 5 February 1931 for Western Siberian shipping and incorporated as a joint-stock company on 14 April 1994. It carries passengers and cargo on the Yenisey and its tributaries and conducts Arctic river-sea operations. The names Eniseĭskoe Upravlenie reĉnogo paroqodstva, A/O Eniseyskoe Parokhodstvo and A/O Yeniseyskoe Parokhodstvo also appear in the sources. The Russian government is recorded as controller.

A contributor wondered whether North-West State River Steamship was a predecessor. Rosanoski instead suggests the Yenisey River Steamship Administration, consistent with the company’s 1931 foundation account; he traces the North-West concern separately from 1923 towards North-Western Shipping.

USSR; later Russia, Krasnoyarsk.

Much of the fleet carries Alpha Reefer Transport or Laskaridis charterers’ colours.

Known as YFT, the concern was formed as Yugrybtranssbyt in 1994 and renamed JSC Yugreftransflot that year. The Ukrainian government is recorded as controller. Its operating concerns included Salonia Maritime, formed in 2004 at Nicosia, and it participated in Alpha Reefer Transport’s ART Pool. Two wholly owned Maltese subsidiaries sought financing for new multipurpose dry-cargo ships in 2012; Rosanoski identifies these apparently as Taganrogskiy Zaliv and Amurskiy Zaliv, under Yustat Shipping 1 and 2.

Ukraine, Sevastopol.

Reederei Hans-Peter Eckhoff, also identified as Reederei Eckhoff, is listed as an associate.

Germany, Jork.

Ispat Gaurav in July 2003 has a blue funnel and white band with an indistinct symbol. Rosanoski tentatively reads a vertically divided blue/grey circle with a white i, but found no matching logo in the archived company website.

M. L. Mittal entered iron and steel in 1952, and the Ispat name, meaning steel in Hindi, was adopted in 1974. Nippon Denro Ispat was incorporated in May 1984; Rosanoski interprets Lloyds’ 1994 formation date as the start of shipping. The name became Ispat Industries in 1997. In 1994 L. N. Mittal took the international interests, while Pramod and Vinod concentrated on India. JSW Steel’s purchase of a controlling interest was announced in December 2010, and the company became JSW Ispat Steel. Ships commonly used Ispat as their first name.

India, Bombay, later Mumbai in the cited registers.

The New Zealand Seamen’s Union formed Jubilee in February 1888 during its dispute with Northern Steamship. The dispute appears to have ended later that year, but the company’s duration is unclear. The source records Stormbird as operated and Bellinger as chartered; another reference places Bellinger with Northern Steamship in 1888, implying a charter from the company involved in the dispute.

New Zealand, Auckland.

Jugolinija, or Yugoslav Line, emerged from post-war nationalisation as Jugoslavenska Linijska Plovidba. Sources give formation or vessel transfers in 1946 and 1947, with further absorption, including Jugoslavenska Slobodna Plovidba, in 1949. Rosanoski traces connections with Dubrovacka and Oceania through individual ships. During the 1950s more than two dozen ships passed to newly formed Splošna plovidba, Tankerska, Atlantska and Oceanska companies. The adoption of Jugolinija is variously dated late 1979, 1980 and 1986. Around 1980 operations were divided into eastern, western and tramp OOUR organisations, later listed together again. It became Croatia Line in 1992 and had also acted for Cross Seas Shipping.

Yugoslavia, Rijeka.

Jugoslavenska Oceanska Plovidba, also known as Jugooceanija, was formed in the 1950s with ships from Jugolinija. It was controlled by the Yugoslav government. Operating subsidiaries included Malta-based Ocean Lines, formed in 1994, and Grant Carrier, formed in 1996, with the fleet also held in named owning companies.

Yugoslavia, Kotor; later Serbia & Montenegro, Kotor, in Lloyds 2003.

The company was formed in 1955 with ships from Jugolinija and adopted Tankerska Plovidba d.d. in 1992. Register forms include Jugotanker, Jugotanker-Turisthotel and separate shipping and Turisthotel OOUR entries. It operated part of Maritenia Shipping’s fleet and acted as manager and agent for other companies.

Yugoslavia, Zadar; FOTW and FAME place the entry under Croatia.

Jugoslav American Navigation was established in 1924 by B. Banac, P. Baburica, the Mihanoviæ brothers and F. Petrinoviæ. It operated nine steamships totalling more than 48,000 gross tons in 1927.

Yugoslavia, Split; the cited flag sources place it under Croatia.

Juhl & Ehrhorn appears as an operator and manager from the late 1970s, with named owning companies. Mitchell indicates chartering activity. Nordane Shipping managed part of the fleet in 2004, and vessel names used Clipper as the second word.

Denmark, Esbjerg.

Krümling operated inland shipping to major German ports and is recorded on the Elbe in 1921.

Germany, Hamburg.

Anne Marie, also recorded as Annemarie, was built in 1930 for Kapitän Julius Penns and sold to Wilfried Kruse in 1963; the later register form is Wilfred Krüse. In the 1950s Annemarie and Bökelnberg appeared under operator Johs. Thode. By 1970–71 Thode operated Hogeberg for Julius Penns & Sohn; in 1973–74 the ship was under Wilhelm Penns, presumed to be the son.

Germany, Hamburg.

Jutha Maritime was formed in 1976 and later appears as Jutha Maritime Public Co., owning and managing its fleet.

Thailand, Bangkok.

Jöklar is recorded in Lloyds 1963–64 and 1970–71, with Olafur Thordarson as fleet manager in the earlier register.

Iceland, Reykjavik.

Rudolf Jönsson established his own shipbroking firm in Norrköping in 1933. Jönsson Nova Line later operated Sweden–UK services and regular Mediterranean sailings. The website described four vessels but listed Antonia B, Najade and Norrvik; Anicia’s time charter had ended in 2012. An agreement signed in June 2012 provided for sale to Ahlmarks Lines from 1 August, subject to competition approval.

Sweden, Norrköpping.

Jörgen Bang managed A/S Athene. Merchant Ships 1942 instead records direct ownership of vessels previously listed under Athene, while later registers again describe management. Ships bore names from Greek mythology beginning with A.

Norway, Kristiansand S.

Krag is recorded in Lloyds 1963–64 as manager of the one-ship A/S Norfinn, probably a subsidiary.

Norway, Oslo.

The family traces seafaring to an Atlantic voyage in Helene in 1890 and the business foundations to Heinrich Jüngerhans’s purchase of Maria in 1931. Stefan took command in 1940 according to the history, or 1941 in Rosanoski’s later comment. Stefan Jüngerhans und Söhne was formed in 1961, limited-partnership shipowning began in 1971 and a shipping group was established in 1982. Cooperation followed with MPC Marine in 1991 and the Oltmann group in 1992; Akron Shipping was founded with Torsten Westphal and Wessels in 1995. The website dates Maritime Services to 2000, while Lloyds traces Reederei Heinrich Jüngerhans from 1983 through a 1995 rename to the current name in 2003. Mitchell connects Heinrich with Markab Reederei. Ships commonly have J as their second name.

Germany, Haren/Ems.

Jürgen Blöckert acquired Dörte II in 1954.

Germany, Flensburg.

Germany, Hamburg.

Jürgen Heinrich Breuer is recorded from 1958–59 to 1985–86 and managed single-ship partnerships.

Germany, Hamburg.

The business was formed in 1983, with the fleet under name subsidiaries.

Germany, Drochtersen.

Stahmer managed two one-ship partnerships operated by J. Poulsen Shipping, later reduced to one.

Germany, Jork.

The concern began in 1950 with Maria Weitert, or possibly earlier with Louise Weitert. Ships bore family names. Rosanoski considers Auguste Weitert apparently the last vessel but could not locate it in Miramar.

Germany, Hamburg.